Pedagogical and Psychological Characteristics of Developing Students' Scientific Literacy Based on PISA International Assessment Program Requirements

Аннотация

This article discusses the factors influencing students' scientific literacy and the pedagogical- psychological characteristics of shaping scientific literacy. Keywords: Natural sciences, experiment, factor, law, phenomenon, curriculum, laboratory, textbook, exact sciences, excursion. Introduction: Currently, the task of developing students' scientific literacy in natural sciences has become one of the urgent issues facing educators. Solving the problem of developing students' ability to apply the knowledge and skills acquired in various fields at school and outside of school in life is a result of the new educational principles expected from schools. The fundamental innovation in this lies, first and foremost, in a new approach to pedagogical thinking, where there is a new attitude toward the results of knowledge that ensure well-being in life and are demonstrated through the ability to solve life’s problems constructively. In traditional education, emphasis was placed on students' memorization abilities, but now there is a demand to develop students' skills to independently acquire knowledge and use the knowledge acquired to solve real-life problems. As a result, the ability to solve educational problems based on acquired knowledge European International Journal of Pedagogics 27 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijp European International Journal of Pedagogics and facts, or the ability to act in real-life situations, is acquire the skills to search for alternative solutions. formed. The world, which is constantly evolving, Scientific literacy is the ability to develop scientific and requires us to form more scientifically literate critical thinking and make rational decisions based on individuals to address the global changes humanity is the knowledge acquired. Scientific literacy leads to facing. understanding the importance of education and science Scientifically literate individuals will be able to explain in contributing to social development and leads and potentially mitigate scientific and global issues and individuals to value science. The concept of scientific make rational decisions. Understanding issues such as literacy has a broad meaning, and there are two global warming, loss of biodiversity, evolution, the different perspectives in its interpretation. The first impact of genetic research, and many other topics in group of scholars considers understanding content (the the context of sustainable development is crucial, if not main concepts of science) to be a fundamental essential, for personal participation. Moreover, the component of scientific literacy. Moreover, the modern economy is primarily based on science and representatives of this group believe that scientific technology, and we need technically literate citizens literacy also plays an important role in acquiring life capable of solving complex problems. These challenges skills. The second group emphasizes that scientific stem from internal factors (students' readiness in literacy is equally important not only for those who are STEM subjects, process skills, conducting scientific specialists in science or who have chosen science- research, and implementing scientific projects) and related fields but also for everyone. Given the external factors, such as the insufficient preparation importance of scientific literacy, preparing students for conditions provided by teachers and schools, which do scientific literacy is one of the main goals in any not contribute to the development of scientific educational reform. literacy. Scientific literacy allows for identifying national In order for every person to live well and make rational problems and solving them at the local level. A literate decisions in problematic situations, they must be society can assess the quality and reliability of scientific scientifically literate. Furthermore, scientific literacy is information based on the sources and methods used, as also important in the workplace. Today, many jobs well as develop the skill of drawing conclusions based on require highly skilled personnel, and the ability to think scientific evidence. Scientific literacy is an essential skill creatively and make quick, rational decisions is an that every individual must possess to improve the essential indicator. Understanding science and its quality of life and embrace the development of science processes contributes significantly to developing these and technology. Therefore, it is crucial to teach scientific skills. Therefore, scientific literacy is considered the literacy to students from a young age for the future primary goal of studying science in various parts of the generation. This process starts with creating an world. Many countries are investing significant educational environment that helps raise scientifically resources to train scientifically and technologically literate individuals. literate professionals. This is also helping to prepare Today, the main task of education is to