Methodology of teaching compositional image creation in fine arts lessons at general secondary schools

Аннотация

This article provides information about the concept and history of composition, highlighting its fundamental rules, tools, and significance in the teaching process of fine arts genres. The study emphasizes the importance of theoretical and creative- practical exercises in learning composition and discusses the role of imagination and memory in creating compositional drawings. Keywords: Composition, reality, nature, imagination, memory, genre, mastery, creativity, method, worldview, labor, experience. Introduction: Composition holds a special place in fine arts, and its development began in ancient times. Artists, when drawing landscapes, first mastered pencil drawing before proceeding to painting and sculpture. It was believed that mastering pencil drawing was fundamental to fine arts. Many artists have contributed to the field, including P. P. Chistyakov and I. I. Repin, who practiced drawing for 2-3 hours daily, refining their craft. During his pedagogical career, P. Chistyakov expressed the following thought: "An artist who works entirely from nature sings based on a musical note. An artist who works partially from nature and partially from imagination sings without a note, meaning his soul is freer." [1;52]. Drawing compositions has fascinated people since European International Journal of Pedagogics 92 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijp European International Journal of Pedagogics ancient times. The study of pencil drawing was Abstract Art, Classicism, Symbolism, Futurism, essential for depicting landscapes. People in ancient Primitivism, and Modernism also emerged over time. times skillfully drew images in caves. The practice of Primitivism, which developed in the late 19th and early teaching drawing by observing nature began in those 20th centuries, means "simple" or "primitive" art. times. Over time, along with pencil drawing, the The formation and development of Uzbek painting were demand for sculpture, applied arts, and painting influenced by artists such as L. Bure, A. Nikolayev, P. masters increased, leading to the idea of establishing Benkov, U. Tansykbaev, S. Abdullayev, A. Abdullayev, N. schools of fine arts. Karakhan, Ch. Akhmarov, M. Nabiyev, R. Choriyev, R. Fine arts first developed in Egypt, where artists learned Akhmedov, B. Jalolov, J. Umarbekov, M. Saidov, and Z. to depict animals, human figures, plant life, and other Inogomov [4;17]. subjects. Ancient Greece also had famous schools in Symmetry and asymmetry are essential composition Thebes, Ephesus, and Sicyon, with 12-year training techniques. A painting with balanced left and right sides, programs. Later, composition evolved as a subject in appearing static, is symmetrical. In contrast, if the sides fine arts, becoming an academic discipline by the late are uneven, it is an asymmetrical composition. Students 16th century. The Impressionist movement emerged often assume that the central focus of a composition is on April 15, 1874, followed by Post-Impressionism, in the middle of the canvas, but it can be placed Fauvism, Realism, Naturalism, and Cubism. anywhere based on the meaning of the artwork. METHODS Teaching Composition In Schools During the Renaissance, artists such as Leonardo da In general secondary education, the goal of fine arts Vinci, Raphael Santi, and Albrecht Dürer contributed classes is to develop students' understanding of significantly to the history and methodology of fine composition, expand their imagination, and enhance arts education. Later, Russian artists like V. Favorsky, their artistic perception. In grades 1–4, students are A. Deineka, K. Yuon, E. Kibrik, A. Alpatov, G. Nissky, F. taught to perceive reality and art through drawing Reshetnikov, and D. Shmarinov developed theories natural objects and scenes, observing shapes, sizes, and and teaching principles for composition. Notably, K. colors, and depicting people, objects, weather, insects, Yuon, A. Deineka, and E. Kibrik left a significant birds, and animals. theoretical and artistic legacy in composition studies Students in these grades develop their artistic [2;13]. perception by observing nature throughout different The term "composition" comes from the Latin word seasons and illustrating landscapes accordingly. meaning "arrangement" or "combination." Creating an Teachers play a key role in engaging students through artistic image is central to composition and requires discussions, guiding them in analyzing their years of experience and effort from an artist. surroundings, and enhancing their imagination through Composition involves specific laws, techniques, and drawing exercises. Organizing exhibitions and art clubs tools. Fundamental principles include dynamics, further helps develop their artistic vision. statics, and the golden ratio (one-third rule), and over Additionally, early education includes an appreciation of time, metaphysical painting also developed within fine art history, where students learn to analyze and express arts. opini