EMERGENCY THERAPY TO PREVENT COMPLICATIONS IN HYPERTENSION WITH HYPERTENIC CRISIS

Аннотация

Hypertonia (from the Greek word hyper means high, high tone means tension) is an increase in the tone (tension) of organs and tissues relative to the norm. It is a pathological process in the neuro-functional state of central and peripheral blood vessels. An increase in blood pressure caused by an increase in the tone of small-caliber arteries is called hypertension. A hypertensive crisis occurs when the compensatory mechanisms are not able to reduce the increased blood pressure to improve the condition of the body. In this case, the increase in blood pressure is accompanied by severe anxiety, severe pain in the head and heart, nausea, vomiting, and other clinical symptoms. A hypertensive crisis is always a threat to people's lives, and failure to provide high-quality rapid intensive therapy can lead to the above-mentioned complications. Key words: Hypertensive crisis, compensatory mechanism, hypertension, neuro- functional, intensive therapy, atherosclerosis, stress, acute coronary syndrome, hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension is a common (up to 70-80%) arterial blood pressure increase in people in the form of primary (essential) arterial hypertension, symptomatic arterial hypertension (adopted by WHO in 1978). According to the conducted investigations, hypertension is one of the main causes of disability and limitations in life activities in the world. According to statistics, if first aid is provided late when blood pressure increases, the condition of patients may worsen, and even death may occur. In most cases, the disease occurs after the age of 45, but according to the latest information, it is often observed among young people. This disease occurs equally in men and women. Prevalence According to the data of recent years, about 30% of the population over 20 years of age in the world has high blood pressure. The number of hypertensive patients currently reaches 45%. After the age of 65, this figure is 60-70%. More men suffer from this disease before 45-55 years, and women after 45 years. In our country, blood pressure is recorded in 20% of the 182 NEW RENAISSANCE 2025 FEBRUARY INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 2 population, and in 27% of the 45-60 year olds. Hypertension was found in 12% of men and 17% of women aged 20-40. It is alarming that only 13% of these patients regularly, 39% occasionally received antihypertensive drugs, and 49.8% were not treated at all. The data of other authors show that the last of these indicators is even higher. ETIOLOGY The causes and mechanisms of the disease have not yet been determined. A decisive importance is given to the combination of genetic predisposition and the influence of some external factors. The cause of the development of the disease is long-term stress and depression, frequent psychological stress. Often, these are caused by work activities that require constant emotional tension. In addition, concussion patients have a high risk of developing the disease. A hypertensive crisis is not just a sudden rise in blood pressure. An episodic increase in arterial blood pressure is also observed in relatively healthy people, for example, during heavy physical exertion, in severe stress situations, etc. In addition to an increase in blood pressure, a hypertensive crisis is also characterized by a number of symptoms that indicate a lack of general blood circulation. Corresponding to this factor, two groups of main types of crisis are usually distinguished. In the first type of crisis, the release of adrenaline increases, and in the second type, an increase in noradrenaline is observed. In the first case, the patient usually has only systolic (high) pressure, and in the second case, both systolic and diastolic (low) pressure. Hereditary predisposition is also one of the reasons: if a person's generation has this disease, then the risk of developing this disease increases several times. The main factor affecting the development of the disease is a sedentary lifestyle. As people age, atherosclerosis can develop, and the increase in blood pressure against the background of this change makes the situation more serious. This is extremely dangerous for life, because through the narrowed blood vessels, it is observed that the blood does not flow to the brain, heart, or part of the kidneys. If there are thrombus and cholesterol accumulations on the walls of blood vessels, they can break off during strong pressure, clog the capillary blood vessels, and prevent blood flow. In this case, myocardial infarction or stroke occurs. Hormonal changes during menopause can cause high blood pressure in women. Salt, or more precisely, the sodium contained in it, as well as smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and obesity also put pressure on the cardiovascular system. PATHOGENESIS An increase in the activity of the sympathoadrenal system and a change in the sensitivity of adrenoreceptors play a major role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Disrup