THE NEED TO FORM LIFE SKILLS IN ADOLESCENTS

Аннотация

This article analyzes the need to form life skills in adolescents, the fact that juvenile delinquency is a pedagogical problem, and the theoretical aspects of the formation of immunity against negative influences in adolescents. Keywords: Minor, crime, society, subject, recidivism, social problem, criminality, criminal liability. The development, progress and maturity of the state and society largely depend on young people. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, a number of works are being carried out in all spheres, including judicial and legal reforms. Such reforms are aimed at forming a legal democratic state, further ensuring the rights and freedoms of the younger generation, and protecting them from aggression and negative influences. The First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, I.A. Karimov, emphasized the need to pay special attention to the affairs of minors, saying, in particular: “We need to review the penal system for minors, women, and the elderly. I am sure that the process of liberalization in this area is still ongoing. It should be recognized that the cause of youth crime is often the result of shortcomings in the upbringing of those for whom we adults are responsible [1]. Minors are considered the future of the state. Their rights are guaranteed by the state and in universally recognized international documents. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child states that “the child, by reason of his physical and mental immaturity, needs special safeguards and care and, therefore, appropriate legal protection before and after birth [2]. In addition, Article 45 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan states that “the rights of minors, disabled persons, and lonely elderly persons are protected by the state. [3] Today, preventing juvenile crime and eliminating the conditions that create conditions for its commission is one of the most important problems facing the state and society. According to statistical data provided by the law enforcement agency, in 2019, according to official data, 739 crimes were committed by 818 minors. In 2020, juvenile crime accounted for 18.5% of the total crime. In 2020, crimes committed by juveniles increased by 53.5%, and the number of juveniles committing crimes increased by 56%. In the first 11 months of 2021, both indicators doubled compared to the same period last year [4]. Based on 97 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference statistical data in Tashkent, 312 crimes were committed among 14-17-year-olds in 2021, compared to 130 in 2020. According to the statistics for the last three months of 2022, a total of 82 crimes were committed by minors in Tashkent. The liberalization of criminal law and the penal system has established the priority of norms imbued with a spirit of humanity and compassion in determining measures for crimes committed by minors, women, and the elderly. Within this group, minors require special attention. Usually, a minor, due to his lack of life experience and incomplete formation of consciousness and will, is more susceptible to the influence of others [5]. After all, the fight against crime, like any other social activity, must be scientifically based. The level of social danger of juvenile delinquency is particularly high. Because, those who commit crimes as minors are more likely to become recidivist criminals. Some scholars say that “juvenile crime is the crime of the future”. In other words, juvenile crime is a reflection of the crime of tomorrow. In addition, there are problems associated with sentencing them. Most researchers believe that criminal punishment does not correct a minor, but only serves as a school for developing criminal abilities. It is especially urgent to develop a theoretically sound and practically significant set of measures of criminal-legal influence in order to exclude the dominance of severe criminal punishment in relation to minors who have committed crimes. First of all, it is appropriate to define the concept of minors. Minors are understood as children who have not reached the age of eighteen. Article 3 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Guarantees of the Rights of the Child” states that a person (persons) who has reached the age of eighteen (has reached the age of majority) is considered a child. In some countries, the fact of adulthood is determined not by age, but by the occurrence of a particular legal event in a person’s life. For example, entering into labor relations, starting a family, etc. In our opinion, the age of criminal responsibility is the age at which a child or adolescent can be accused of committing a crime and be held criminally liable. For example, in Italy this age is 15, in Germany it is 14 [6]. In China it is between 12 and 14 years old [7], but in some foreign countries this age has been lowered even further. For example, in England and Wales it is 10. In Irish criminal law the age of the subject is set