ORGANIZING THE EXTRACTION OF HIGH-PURITY SELENIUM FROM TECHNICAL SELENIUM

Аннотация

High-purity selenium (with a purity of 99,99% and above) is widely used in several important industrial sectors due to its unique physical and chemical properties, which make it a valuable material in high-tech industries. The high- purity form of selenium (99,99% purity) plays a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness of numerous advanced industrial processes and products. High- purity selenium is primarily used in the electronics industry because it plays a crucial role in semiconductor production. Understanding the difference between its technical and high-purity forms and exploring methods to obtain this higher purity are essential for optimizing the utilization and production of selenium. This thesis discusses the processes of obtaining high-purity selenium from technical selenium and its significant industrial applications. General Description and Application Areas of Selenium The most common application areas of selenium are as follows: - Electronics Industry: Selenium is used as a semiconductor, particularly in solar batteries, photodiodes, and electronic devices. - Chemical Industry: Organic selenium compounds are used in pesticides and dyes. - Healthcare: Selenium acts as an antioxidant in the body and is also present in some mineral dietary supplements. Differences Between Technical Selenium and High-Purity Selenium Technical selenium is a form of selenium produced for industrial purposes, usually with a purity of 99% or less. Such selenium is commonly used in additives, metallurgy, or industrial chemistry. High-purity selenium, on the other hand, has a purity of 99,99% or more and is used in specific scientific research, microelectronics, and specialized medical devices. Processes for Extracting High-Purity Selenium from Technical Selenium There are several methods for converting technical selenium into high-purity selenium. The most common methods are as follows: 183 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Chemical Purification Method: Chemical purification is one of the most effective methods for achieving high-purity selenium. In this method, the impurities (such as alloys and other metals) present in selenium are separated through chemical reactions. Reduction Method: In this method, selenium is altered through reactions with other chemical elements, allowing the separation of impurities. For example, selenium dioxide (SeO₂) reacts with hydrogen to produce high-purity selenium. Sublimation: Sublimation is another method used to obtain high-purity selenium. In this process, selenium is vaporized at high temperatures and then condensed to obtain pure selenium. Electrolytic Method: The electrolytic purification process can also be used to obtain high-purity selenium. In this method, selenium is separated from impurities using electrolysis, providing an efficient and precise method for purification. Thermal Method: Thermal processes involve heating selenium in specific conditions to achieve high purity. These processes are commonly used to extract high-purity selenium from technical selenium; however, careful control of temperature and pressure is essential to avoid contamination. Key Factors in Selenium Purification. Raw Material Quality: The purity of technical selenium is influenced by the amount of other metals in its composition. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of the initial material is important. Process Efficiency: The efficiency of the purification process and the manufacturing conditions play a crucial role in obtaining high-purity selenium. These processes often require complex technologies. Temperature and Pressure: Proper management of temperature and pressure is vital for improving the efficiency of the purification process. Evaluation of Selenium Purity. The purity of high-purity selenium is typically evaluated using analytical methods such as spectroscopy and chromatography. These methods help determine the quantities of impurities and other elements in the selenium. Conclusion. The process of extracting high-purity selenium from technical selenium is critical for both industrial and scientific research applications. High- purity selenium plays a vital role in high-tech sectors, eco-friendly energy production, and healthcare. Its importance is steadily growing in electronics, solar energy, optics, pharmaceuticals, and metallurgy. Therefore, improving and 184 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference expanding the technologies for obtaining high-purity selenium will create substantial opportunities for both industry and science in the future.