THE CONCEPT OF "MOTHER" IN JOHN ERNEST STEINBECK'S WORKS

Аннотация

This article explores the symbolic and social meaning of the concept of "mother" in the works of John Ernest Steinbeck. In works such as The Grapes of Wrath and East of Eden, images of motherhood are analyzed as symbols of family stability and human endurance. The article highlights the social significance of motherhood in Steinbeck's work and its role in revealing human nature. Keywords: John Ernest Steinbeck, concept of mother, Ma Joad, motherhood, The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden, social significance, symbolism, family stability, human endurance. КОНЦЕПТ «МАТЕРИ» В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ДЖОНА ЭРНЕСТА СТЕЙНБЕКА Аннотация. В статье исследуется символическое и социальное значение концепта «мать» в произведениях Джона Эрнеста Стейнбека. В таких произведениях, как «Гроздья гнева» и «К востоку от рая», образы материнства анализируются как символы стабильности семьи и человеческой выносливости. В статье подчеркивается социальная значимость материнства в творчестве Стейнбека и его роль в раскрытии человеческой натуры. Ключевые слова: Джон Эрнест Стейнбек, концепция матери, Ма Джоад, материнство, «Гроздья гнева», «К востоку от рая», социальная значимость, символизм, стабильность семьи, человеческая выносливость. Introduction: John Ernest Steinbeck, one of the greatest representatives of 20th-century literature, employed a unique style in his works to explore the deep layers of human nature and address social and economic issues in society. 4 38 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ His works are dedicated to depicting the most painful periods of American society, particularly focusing on social inequality, poverty, and family crises during the years of the Great Depression. In Steinbeck’s works, the role of the family and the mother figure is one of the central themes, with a particular emphasis on their societal significance. John Ernest Steinbeck, a prominent 20th-century American writer, often explored deep human emotions and the complexities of social and economic issues in his works. His portrayal of characters, particularly mothers, reflects his interest in human endurance, societal structures, and family dynamics. The concept of "mother" in Steinbeck's literature is far from just a biological role; it symbolizes human strength, resilience, and the moral foundation of society. In Steinbeck’s novels, "mother" is depicted not only as a nurturing figure but also as an emblem of societal responsibility. Through the characters of Ma Joad in The Grapes of Wrath and Cathy Trask in East of Eden, Steinbeck examines contrasting representations of motherhood. Ma Joad is portrayed as the unifying force within the family, a symbol of endurance and social responsibility. She holds the family together through the harshest conditions and embodies the collective struggle for justice and survival. On the other hand, Cathy Trask represents an unconventional, more selfish interpretation of motherhood, highlighting the darker side of human nature and the personal conflicts that arise when motherhood is overshadowed by individual desires. Steinbeck’s treatment of motherhood challenges traditional perceptions. While Ma Joad stands as a symbol of social unity and moral strength, Cathy Trask showcases a maternal figure driven by egoism and a desire for control. These characters present distinct views on motherhood that reflect the complexities and contradictions within human nature. Through his nuanced portrayal of motherhood, Steinbeck touches on the universal themes of human suffering, resilience, and the role of women in shaping societal values. The representation of mothers in his works often serves as a reflection of broader social issues, including poverty, inequality, and the struggle for justice. The concept of "mother" in Steinbeck’s novels is not only a familial role but also an essential element in understanding the human condition and the moral fabric of society. Ultimately, the concept of "mother" in Steinbeck’s works is a powerful symbol that goes beyond the traditional maternal role. It speaks to the social and psychological dimensions of human relationships and the strength that lies within individuals to navigate the complexities of life. 4 39 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Whether as a figure of hope, endurance, or selfishness, Steinbeck's mothers are pivotal in driving the narrative and addressing the larger themes of survival, family, and social responsibility. The concept of "mother" in Steinbeck's works is not only depicted in a biological or traditional sense but also as a symbol of humanity’s social and spiritual foundation. Particularly through the characters of Ma Joad in The Grapes of Wrath and Cathy Trask in East of Eden, the author reflects various perspectives on motherhood. Ma Joad represents the unifying force of th