OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE AMOUNT OF INORGANIC LEAD

Аннотация

At the 124th Conference of the World Health Organization in 1964, the first list of occupational diseases was adopted, and this list included generally accepted traditional occupational diseases that develop under the influence of widespread harmful factors. In 1980, this list was revised at the 66th World Conference. Currently, 25 countries that are members of the World Health Organization have revised and ratified the specified convention. On May 22, 1990, the European Commission adopted Recommendation 90/326/EU and approved the list of occupational diseases. However, there is still no generally accepted and unified classification of occupational diseases. Each country that is a member of the World Health Organization approves its own list of occupational diseases and determines measures for their prevention and social protection of patients. Keywords: pneumoconiosis, silicosis, siderosilicosis, anthracosilicosis, occupational diseases, lead, pathogenetic intoxication, silicon dioxide in silicosis Dolzarbligi: Relevance: The influence of adverse factors of the production environment or labor process is of decisive importance in the development of occupational diseases. The clinical picture of most occupational diseases does not have specific specific signs, therefore, accurate information about the working conditions of a sick person helps to determine the etiological role of an occupational factor in the development of the disease. Occupational diseases are the result of the impact of one or another occupational and production harmful factor on the human body (for example, silicon dioxide dust in silicosis, toxic substances in industry in poisoning, etc.). Along with this, there are diseases that can develop under the influence of occupational and other environmental factors. In the first case, they are occupational 67 https://universalpublishings.com МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024 SJIF 2024 = 5.444 Том 3, Выпуск 02, февраль (for example, bronchial asthma in chemical industry workers), and in the second, they are general (for example, bronchial asthma developed from exposure to house dust) diseases. The list of occupational diseases in force in the Republic of Uzbekistan is based on the etiological principle, approved by a special order of the Ministry of Health and includes more than 100 diseases. Research materials and methods: Occupational diseases are divided into 5 groups according to etiology: 1. Diseases developed from the influence of chemical factors: acute and chronic poisonings and their complications, skin diseases (contact dermatitis, photodermatitis, toxic melanoderma, etc. (Fig. 1). 2. Diseases developed from the influence of industrial aerosols: pneumoconiosis, silicosis, siderosilicosis, anthracosilicosis, asbestosis, carboconiosis, dusty bronchitis, etc. (Fig. 2). 3. Diseases developed from the influence of physical factors: vibration disease, electroophthalmia, cataract, cochlear neuritis, light sickness, etc. 4. Physical stress. Diseases associated with the strain of organs and systems: coordinator neuroses, diseases of the peripheral nervous system, cervical and lumbar radiculopathies, shoulder epicondylitis, etc. Uterine prolapse, varicose veins of the legs, vocal cords diseases caused by stress (sacral laryngitis), etc. 5. Diseases developed under the influence of biological factors: infectious and parasitic diseases - tuberculosis, brucellosis, viral hepatitis, dysbacteriosis, cutaneous candidiasis, visceral candidiasis, etc. Figure 1-2. Skin and pulmonary tuberculosis (contact dermatitis, photodermatitis, pneumoconiosis). Research results: Lead and its inorganic compounds are one of the most widely used metals in industry. They are used in mechanical engineering, equipment manufacturing, radio electronics (lead welding), battery and cable production, typography (manual or linotype typing), smelting non-ferrous and ferrous metals, porcelain, ceramics and crystal, lead paints, and other industries. The following 68 https://universalpublishings.com МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024 SJIF 2024 = 5.444 Том 3, Выпуск 02, февраль inorganic solutions of lead are used in industry: lead oxide (PbO), lead chromate (РbСrO4), lead galena (PbS), lead chloride (PbCl,), etc. In industrial sectors where lead is used, the main exposure is to fine particles of lead oxide, which are formed as a result of the condensation and oxidation of lead vapors in the air. In industrial sectors, lead affects the body mainly by inhalation. Lead can also enter the body through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. If the workers' diet is low in calcium, iron, and protein, the absorption of lead through the gastrointestinal tract increases. Lead and its compounds that enter the respiratory tract are absorbed directly into the blood and undergo a number of changes in the body. In the stomach, the solub