REMOVABLE AND NON-REMOVABLE STRUCTURES MADE OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS, THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Аннотация

In recent years, dentistry has been developing by leaps and bounds - this includes implantology, gnathology, and digital dentistry. By mastering these serious, necessary, correct directions and implementing them in our practice, we raise the status of our clinics and our level of professional proficiency to the proper height. Despite this, removable dentures are still relevant. The most popular are removable structures made of thermoplastics. Key words: removable denture, flexibility, elasticity and strength, advantages and disadvantages. СЪЕМНЫЕ И НЕСЪЕМНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ ИЗ ТЕРМОПЛАСТИЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, ИХ ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И НЕДОСТАТКИ Аннотация. В последние годы стоматология развивается семимильными шагами — это и имплантология, и гнатология, и цифровая стоматология. Осваивая эти серьезные, нужные, правильные направления и внедряя их в свою практику, мы поднимаем статус наших клиник и уровень своего профессионального мастерства на должную высоту. Несмотря на это, съемные зубные протезы по-прежнему актуальны. Наибольшей популярностью пользуются съемные конструкции из термопластичных материалов. Ключевые слова: съемные зубные протезы, гибкость, эластичность и прочность, преимущества и недостатки. The general characteristics of thermoplastics are determined by the name itself - "material that is plastic when heated", that is, these materials acquire the necessary shape when heated without the use of monomers. Back in the 50s of the last century, the search for non-toxic and hypoallergenic materials for the manufacture of removable dentures began in the USA. As a result of research work, such materials were identified - thermoplastics. They had a biologically neutral reaction, that is, they did not have a toxic or allergic effect on the body. In addition, a high degree of plasticity, the ability to remember the shape, precision in manufacturing, the presence of a wide range of light allow to expand the possibilities of partial and full prosthetics, splinting, the manufacture of immediate dentures, gingival dentures, splints-prostheses and improve their aesthetic qualities. The starting material is caprolactam, a substance with short monomer molecules, which is 415 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 2 melted at high temperature and converted into a polymer with long molecules. The resulting threads are stretched in such a way that their length increases fivefold, and the monomer molecules line up, like a ruler, along the fiber, which gives the thread additional strength and lightness. These qualities of nylon are advantageous in the manufacture of removable structures. Nylon dentures are more flexible and elastic, but at the same time they can boast increased durability. Flexible dentures have a precise fit and reliable fixation. They are held on the gums by means of dentoalveolar nylon clasps, which are also made of silicone, which makes them invisible in the oral cavity. When they are installed, grinding of teeth is not carried out, and during the use of the denture, the teeth do not loosen. Another undoubted advantage of nylon is its inability to absorb moisture. This means that microorganisms simply cannot settle in it. While acrylic is simply a paradise for bacteria. Nylon dentures are indistinguishable from real teeth. The material contains a dye that gives the dentures a natural look. In addition, the absence of metal fasteners does not reveal the absence of natural teeth. Despite all their advantages, nylon dentures have a number of disadvantages. Thus, with a low bite, deposits form between acrylic teeth and nylon. This occurs due to the lack of a chemical connection between the teeth and gums. It is this feature that is associated with the need to take the denture for professional cleaning every two months. Flexible nylon dentures belong to the category of removable dentures of the immersion type, i.e. the transfer of chewing pressure is carried out on the mucous membrane of the denture bed with the inclusion of the gingivomuscular reflex to regulate the chewing process, which is designed to protect the mucous membrane from overload and, accordingly, allows you to develop the necessary tone of the chewing muscles. Not the best reflex, because it disrupts the true physiology of chewing. A normal physiological reflex is a periodontal-muscular reflex, in which the force of contraction of the masticatory muscles is regulated by the degree of sensitivity of the periodontal receptors of the teeth involved in the act of chewing food. The inclusion of this reflex can only be provided by dentures of the supporting type, i.e. clasps, in which attachments together with interlocks; as well as various clasp systems of the support-retaining type, transmit chewing pressure to the remaining teeth within 70-80%. For comparison, for plate dentures of the immersion type this figure is 15-20%. Another negative factor of flexible dentures is the tight coverage of the alveolar processes and the denture bed, w