DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL NUTRITIONALLY BALANCED FOOD PRODUCTS FROM RECYCLED RAW MATERIALS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

Аннотация

In recent years, the research carried out has been aimed at developing technologies that ensure the conditions for a more complete use of food blood and its fractions in the development of products of new assortment groups according to the technical standards of organizations. Therefore, the goal of research is to create products with a high content of easily digestible iron based on little-used raw materials, which are currently the blood and liver of farm animals. Keywords: secondary raw materials, blood, protein, plasma, albumin, hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes The need for products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes enriched with iron, the presence of significant blood resources of slaughter animals, the lack of a modern technological solution for the development of products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes with its use determine the development of new scien- tific approaches to create a waste-free intensive technology for processing this raw material for these purposes. Blood is the internal environment and the main communication system of the body. It is a viscous opaque liquid, salty taste, continuously circulating in a closed system of blood vessels and performing vital functions, maintaining the integrity and functionality of living systems. Morphologically, blood is one of the varieties of the body's connective tissue, it consists of a liquid intercellular substance - plasma and cells-shaped elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, which are rudimentary in nature and perform specific functions in the life of organisms. The ratio of plasma and blood cells fluctuates depending on the species of animals (table 1.) At the same time, the biosynthesis of formed elements is localized in identical organs, and they perform the same functions, most of which are known. Erythro- cytes are red blood cells, almost completely filled with hemoglobin, on 150 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference average their content in 1 mm3 of animal blood is 6.5-9 million, in birds - 2.5-4 million additionally contain highly digestible carbohydrates. Table 1. Mass fraction of blood fractions (%) depending on the type of animals Livestock Plasma Shaped type elements Cattle 67,4 32,6 Pigs 56,5 43,5 Small cattle 72,0 28,0 Horses 60,2 39,8 The morphological composition of the blood of animals and birds is influenced by a number of vital factors: genetic characteristics, maintenance and feeding, productivity, speed of movement of animals, growth rate (table 2). A detailed analysis of the fractional composition of the blood cells of cattle and pigs indicates the variability of particle sizes in a wide range, with a predominance of particles with a diameter of 7.9-11.56 μm (20.4%) in cattle, and with a diameter of 5.968.72 in pigs. (15.52%). Erythrocytes are specialized cells with a diameter of 7-9 microns, non- nuclear in mammals and in the form of a biconcave disc. In poultry, erythrocytes have nuclei, and differ in shape, representing a biconvex disc. Erythrocytes are formed from precursors - reticulocytes, which subsequently lose cellular organelles and synthesize a large amount of hemoglobin. Thus, erythrocytes are rudimentary cells, in the aqueous cytosol of which hemoglobin is dissolved in very high con- centrations (34%), due to which their main function is performed - the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide, i.e. respiratory function. Every day, hemoglobin of erythrocytes transfers from the lungs to the tissues about 0.6 m3 of oxygen. Eryth- rocytes are characterized by softness, flexibility and elasticity, due to which they are able to pass through narrow capillaries, while strongly stretching in length, when entering a wide channel they turn into discs. Erythrocytes are adapted to perform their main function - the transfer of respi- ratory gases. Red blood cells are formed inside the vessels in the sinuses of the red bone marrow. Ripe erythrocytes circulate in the blood of animals for 100- 120 days, the erythrocyte of chickens lives for 28 days, after which they are phagocytized by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system of the liver, spleen and bone marrow. In adult and old animals, birds, they live longer than in young and newborns. It takes longer for large animals than for small ones. On average, 0.8- 151 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference 1.0% of eryth- rocytes are renewed per day, however, the rate of erythropoiesis (the formation of red blood cells) can sharply increase with blood loss, lack of oxygen, pathological shortening of the life span of erythrocytes. Fluctuations in the content of red blood cells in the blood also depend on feeding and productivity. The presence of animal feed in the diet contributes to an increase in the number of red blood cells. Table 2. The content of formed elements in the blood of farm animals and birds Animals, birds Quantity in 1 mm3 erythrocytes, mln. leuk