CONDITION OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS AND PERIOSTA WHEN USED REMOVABLE DENTURES

Аннотация

A direct relationship was found between the duration of use of removable pro- symptoms and signs of chronic inflammation detected both in the epithelium and in the connective tissue. Thus, when using removable dentures in the first 2-3 years, the accumulation of fibroblasts, lymphocytes and macrophages is detected only around the vessels. Later (5-15 years), the number of infiltrates increases, consisting mainly of lymphocytes, neutrophils and plasma cells. Moreover, they are detected not only along the vessels, but also in other areas of the connective tissue. Diffuse round cell infiltration is detected in the proper layer, and focal accumulation of elements in the submucosal layer. Infiltrates are also detected in the epithelial layer. However, the intensity of infiltration decreases in the posterior parts of the palatine fornix. Apparently, a certain role is played here by the dense vascular network, which apparently softens the pressure of the removable denture on the mucous membrane. Therefore, its changes in the posterior third of the hard palate are manifested to a lesser extent than in the anterior. Key words: mucous membrane, removable denture, alveolar process, atrophy, denture. СОСТОЯНИЕ АЛЬВЕОЛЯРНОГО ОТРОСТКА И НАДЗОРНОЙ КОСТИ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ СЪЕМНЫХ ПРОТЕЗОВ Аннотация. Выявлена прямая зависимость между длительностью использования съемных протезов и признаками хронического воспаления, выявляемыми как в эпителии, так и в соединительной ткани. Так, при использовании съемных протезов в первые 2-3 года скопление фибробластов, лимфоцитов и макрофагов выявляется только вокруг сосудов. В дальнейшем (5-15 лет) увеличивается количество инфильтратов, состоящих в основном из лимфоцитов, нейтрофилов и плазматических клеток. Причем они выявляются не только по ходу сосудов, но и в других участках соединительной ткани. В собственном слое выявляется диффузная круглоклеточная инфильтрация, а в подслизистом слое — очаговое скопление элементов. Инфильтраты выявляются и в эпителиальном слое. Однако интенсивность инфильтрации снижается в задних отделах небного свода. По-видимому, определенную роль здесь играет густая сосудистая сеть, которая, по-видимому, смягчает давление съемного протеза на слизистую оболочку. Поэтому ее изменения в задней трети твердого неба проявляются в меньшей степени, чем в передней. 195 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 2 Ключевые слова: слизистая оболочка, съемный протез, альвеолярный отросток, атрофия, зубной протез. Under removable plate dentures, the intercellular structures also change structure. Elastic fibers acquire an unusual appearance. They thicken, acquire uneven contours, sometimes gather in groups or become discontinuous. The conducted studies allowed us to establish that atrophy of the alveolar process under removable dentures is detected to a greater extent in its anterior section and is more pronounced in individuals with incorrectly positioned teeth. The loss of alveolar bone tissue occurs more rapidly in the first 3 years, slowing down thereafter. When explaining this process, the influence of three factors should be taken into account: 1) atrophy due to the effect of the prosthesis; 2) atrophy due to the loss of a physiological stimulus – chewing pressure; 3) development of age-related atrophy. The periosteum also responds with a certain reaction to the effect of plastic night prostheses. When using prostheses for up to 3 years, due to the pronounced focal proliferation of osteoblasts, its pronounced thickening occurs. In this case, osteoblasts increase in size and sometimes acquire a special orientation, being located parallel to the bone surface. With prolonged use of prostheses, the periosteum of the hard palate and alveolar processes atrophies, becomes thinner, turning into a dense layer of fibrous tissue. The number of osteoblasts in it also decreases significantly. It is easy to notice that a certain analogy is observed in the reaction of the mucous membrane and periosteum: first, there is a compensatory thickening of these tissues, and then their thinning. The study of immediate and remote results of prosthetics includes not only an assessment of the quality of dental prostheses and their functional properties, but also a detailed study of the condition and reaction of the tissues of the maxillofacial system, on which the dental prosthesis has a direct or indirect effect. First of all, it should be borne in mind that the prosthesis can have a direct effect on the tissues and organs of the oral cavity; its effect is observed when the prosthesis comes into contact with tissues that are usually united by the term "prosthetic bed". For a removable prosthesis, the bed is the mucous membrane of the hard palate, the alveolar part, natural antagonists, as well as the enamel of the teeth on which the clasps rest. For fixed prostheses (inlays, half -crowns, splints), the bed is the wound surface of the crown, the walls of the cavity for the inlay and