Methods for Developing Logical Thinking Skills in Preschool Children

Аннотация

This article explores the contemporary VOLUME Vol.05 Issue01 2025 strategies adopted by Saudi Arabia to ensure regional security in the Middle East. It highlights the Kingdom's efforts to strengthen alliances, combat terrorism, COPYRIGHT stabilize conflict zones like Yemen, and improve © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms relations with Iran. Economic diversification under of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. Vision 2030 and mediation in regional conflicts are also emphasized as key pillars of its policy framework. The inclusion of a summary table provides a clear overview of Saudi Arabia's initiatives and their impacts, making this analysis a valuable resource for understanding its regional role. Keywords: Saudi Arabia, Middle East, regional security, GCC, Vision 2030, counterterrorism, Yemen conflict, Iran relations, economic diversification, conflict mediation, diplomacy. Introduction: As a term, Middle East, albeit still contested in its meaning, did not gain much currency until after the Second World War. Especially during the Cold War, the terminology was popularised in US contexts (Adelson 2012, 47–50). Here, we use the neologism Middle East as referring to the geographical area situated at the junction of Europe, Asia, and Africa and of the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, reflecting contemporary politological conventions without denying the term’s contestations. As such, the region occupies a unique strategic position. Hence, we can easily understand why the region has attracted the strategic attention and involvement of great powers and empires throughout history. The Middle East is also the birthplace and spiritual centre of Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Specifically, the Middle East contains the holiest places of Islam as well as the highest institutions of Islamic learning, while the Holy Land of European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 74 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms and Management Studies European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies Palestine is associated with the aspirations of Jews and instance, as Blanton (1999) has argued, an increase in Christians. It is also the birthplace of civilisation in the military imports often goes hand in hand with an Northern hemisphere (Jamieson 2016). Moreover, increase in human rights violations and, thus, a decrease with the beginning of the twentieth century and the in personal security. Thus, for the purposes of this discovery of oil and natural gas “the fate of the region” volume, Middle East security is defined in the broader changed dramatically (Grigoriadis 2014, 124) because sense as the presence of threats that pose an existential in the Middle East we can find the greatest single threat to states, governments, communities, individual reserve of oil that stipulated other powers’ desires. groups, and the region as a whole. The region’s significant stocks of crude oil added to its In other words, security operates both at the domestic geographical, strategic and economic importance. and regional levels. Because the dynamics of national Particularly ‘Saudi Arabia was no longer the regional security are highly relational and interdependent backwater that it had been until the 1940s’, but between states (Buzan 1991a, 34), individual national became one of the leading regional powers in the securities can only be fully understood when considered region. With the ongoing tensions between Iran and in relation to each other. Yet, power dynamics within Saudi Arabia, particularly after 1979, ‘the Persian Gulf individual states are also of relevance here, whether became an epicenter of global instability’ (Steinberg they concern authoritarianism, rentier economics, and 2014, 116; Qadir and Rehman 2016). Mass production protectionism (Dauderstädt 2006) favouring some of oil began around 1945, with Saudi Arabia, Iran, groups, while causing security concerns to others. Kuwait, Iraq, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Moreover, although migration is mostly discussed in the possessing large quantities of oil. Thus, with ongoing European context (Held 2016), it is essentially an even tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia in mind, it is greater challenge, security issues included, for the worth noting that the oil reserves of Saudi Arabia and Middle East. Consequently, even though the traditional Iran are some of the highest in the world and the understanding of security suggests a focus on the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) military sector, the concept cannot be properly is dominated by Middle Eastern countries. It is not, understood without bringing in actors and dynamics therefore, surprising that the importance of the Middle from the political, societal, economic, and East transcends its geographical limits and that the environmental sectors (Buzan 1991, 363). According to region has been a major theatre of global po