GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF FORMAL WRITING STYLE UNITS IN UZBEK LANGUAGe

Аннотация

The formal writing style in the Uzbek language is characterized by a set of distinct grammatical, lexical, and syntactic features that differentiate it from colloquial or informal registers. This style is primarily used in academic, legal, administrative, and scientific discourse. Its grammatical structure adheres to strict norms that emphasize clarity, precision, and a high degree of cohesion. This analysis explores the grammatical units that define the formal writing style in Uzbek, including morphological structures, syntactic constructions, and lexical-grammatical features. Key words: grammatical, lexical, syntactic feature, colloquial, scientific discourse, grammatical discourse, morphological structure. Morphology in formal Uzbek writing reflects a preference for complex derivational and inflectional forms that ensure precision and clarity in meaning. In formal Uzbek, nominalization is widely used to express abstract concepts, often replacing verb-based expressions with noun forms. The suffixes -lik, - chilik, and -kor are commonly used to derive abstract nouns: Mustaqillik (independence) ← mustaqil (independent) Rivojlanish (development) ← rivojlan - (to develop) Tadqiqotchi (researcher) ← tadqiq (research) These formations contribute to the depersonalization of discourse, which is a fundamental characteristic of formal writing. The use of auxiliary verbs and modal constructions is prevalent in formal writing. The verb mumkin bo‘ldi, zarur, lozim, and shart indicate obligation, necessity, or possibility: Tahlil natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, bu metodologiya qo‘llanishi mumkin. (The results of the analysis show that this methodology can be applied.) Passive voice constructions, using -l-, -n-, -in- suffixes, are also frequent, as they help depersonalize statements: Mazkur masala o‘rganildi. (This issue was studied.) Mavzu doirasida tadqiqot olib borilgan. (A study was conducted within the framework of the topic.) 45 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК Formal Uzbek writing employs specific syntactic structures that emphasize logical coherence and precision. Some of the most notable features include: Formal discourse prefers compound and complex sentences, often linked by conjunctions such as shuningdek, natijada, chunki, shuning uchun: Mazkur tadqiqot metodologiyasining muhimligi shundaki, u aniq tahlil usullari orqali ishonchli natijalarga olib keladi. (The importance of this research methodology lies in the fact that it leads to reliable results through precise analytical methods.) Use of Participial and Gerundial Constructions Instead of simple, direct statements, formal Uzbek uses participial and gerundial constructions to create more complex and nuanced expressions: O‘rganilgan materiallarga asoslanib, muallif ushbu natijaga keldi. (Based on the studied materials, the author arrived at this conclusion.) One of the key characteristics of formal Uzbek writing is the frequent use of nominal constructions. Nouns and noun phrases are extensively employed to convey abstract concepts and maintain a neutral tone. The following morphological features are prominent: The widespread use of compound nouns (e.g., davlat boshqaruvi ‘state administration’, ilmiy izlanishlar ‘scientific research’). The prevalence of deverbal nouns (e.g., boshqarish ‘management’, rivojlanish ‘development’), which provide an impersonal and objective style. The use of case markers, especially the genitive (-ning) and ablative (-dan) cases, which enhance clarity and precision in formal texts. Formal writing in Uzbek favors verb forms that emphasize neutrality and objectivity. The following verb-related features are notable: The preference for third-person singular/plural verb forms instead of personal pronouns to maintain a depersonalized style (e.g., Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki... ‘The research results indicate that...’). The frequent use of passive and reflexive verb forms (-il-, -n-) to distance the subject from the action (e.g., mazkur muammo hal qilindi ‘this issue was resolved’). The employment of gerundive and participial constructions to ensure logical cohesion (e.g., bajarilgan ishlar ‘the completed works’). Tadqiq qilingan ma’lumotlar asosida, quyidagi xulosalar chiqarildi. (Based on the analyzed data, the following conclusions were drawn.) These constructions contribute to the academic and objective tone of formal writing. Nominal Predication and Passive Constructions. Nominal predicates, rather than simple verb predicates, dominate in formal writing. This 46 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК is often achieved through the verb bo‘lishi: For example, Natijalar ilmiy jamoatchilik tomonidan tasdiqlangan. (The results have been confirmed by the scientific community.) Such structures reduce subjectivity and emphasize objectivity. The lexical and grammatical characteristics of formal writing also contribute to its distinct style. The use of specialized terminology and formal lexemes is an essential