EXPLORING SIMILARITIES IN GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Аннотация

The article explores the similarities and differences between the grammatical systems of English and Uzbek languages. It highlights how English, an analytical- flexive language, relies on strict word order and auxiliary verbs to express grammatical relationships, whereas Uzbek, an agglutinative language, extensively employs suffixes and inflections. By examining syntax, morphology, verb conjugation, and case systems, the study provides insights into how the structural contrasts between these languages influence communication. The research underscores the universal principles of language while emphasizing the unique cultural and historical developments reflected in their grammars. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding these differences for linguists, teachers, and language learners. Keywords: English grammar, Uzbek grammar, comparative linguistics, syntax, morphology, agglutinative languages, analytical languages, word order. The study of grammar is a fundamental aspect of linguistics and allows us to understand how languages are structured and meaningful. Grammar not only serves as the basis for communication, but also reflects the specific cultural and historical development of the language. In this article, we will study the theoretical and practical grammar of two different languages - English and Uzbek. Both languages belong to different language families, English is a Germanic language, and Uzbek is a Turkic language, which have several common elements due to the universal nature of human language. Understanding the grammar of these languages is very important for learners, linguists, and teachers. Grammar is a branch of linguistics that studies the grammatical structure of language. Grammar is a set of rules about the change of words in a sentence and how they combine to form a phrase, a sentence: Мен унинг ишларига кўмаклашишга бўлдим. Unlike agglutinative languages, in analytic-flexive languages (although these languages have inflections, their number is small), the syntactic relationship between the words in the sentence is more carried out by means of word order and auxiliary words. Therefore, in analytical languages, the word order is strict, each part of the sentence must be in its place. In such languages, the subject of the sentence is usually in the place before the predicate, the predicate is in the place after the subject, and if the predicate is expressed by a transitive verb, the complement is in the third place. The position of the determiner cannot be determined, it is always associated with the noun; The case is the same - it can stand in different places according to its meaning [1,183]. Since English belongs to the family of analytical languages, the order of a particular part of a sentence cannot be realized without the necessary grammatical changes. In the Uzbek language, sentence members are actualized without any additional or grammatical means, moving to the preposition position, and the predicate acquires the status of a communicative center in the sentence proposition; while in English, the sentence is structurally significantly changing: the actualized parts are transferred to the 141 beginning of the sentence in a cleft form, as a result, the simple extended sentence acquires the character of a multi-stage actual division in the form of a compound sentence. In English, the strict order of the word significantly reduces the possibilities of actualization of sentence members compared to Uzbek, because in English, any sentence part has a certain position [5,41]. In introductory sentences, the word order is fixed as subject - predicate - complement - situation - place - time, that is, in English: Smith came from school. (Smith came from school) - if the order in the brochure is correct; From school came Smith. is a violation of word order. In this situation, the communicative center of the sentence is activated through emphatic stress or additional grammatical means. Through a detailed study of verb combinations, noun phrases, word order, and other grammatical features, the study identifies points of convergence and divergence between the two languages. The theoretical and practical analysis of English and Uzbek grammar includes the study of their syntactic and morphological structures. Morphology is the science that studies the structure and formation of words. In English and Uzbek, words are made up of root, prefix, suffix, and inflection. However, the use and function of these components differ significantly in the two languages. English morphology: English uses a combination of inflectional and derivational morphemes, but is less inflectional than many other languages. For example, verb conjugation is determined by suffixes. (e.g., "walk" is "walked" in past tense). The noun changes in the plural ("book" "books") and the gerund also changes in the case ("John's book"). In the noun part of speech, other case suffixes are not widely used, except for the possessive