BIOCHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS OF HEREDITARY DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Аннотация

This article discusses the causes and significance of hereditary diseases of the nervous system. It also discusses the most widely recognized neurological diseases in medicine and the conditions that accompany any disorder of the nervous system. Key words: nervous system , symptoms, neuropsychology, hereditary diseases, physiotherapy, modern medicine, Motor, Sensory, Meningitis , Migraine,Myelitis, Brain. Let's first understand what neurological diseases are. Neurological diseases are conditions that occur with any disorder of the nervous system. Structural, biochemical, or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord, or other nerves can lead to a number of symptoms. These include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, convulsions, confusion, pain, and changes in consciousness. There are many recognized neurological diseases in medicine, some of which are relatively common, while others present with very rare symptoms. They can be assessed through neurological examination and studied and treated within the specialties of neurology and clinical neuropsychology. Interventions for neurological diseases include preventive measures, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy or other therapies, neurorehabilitation, pain management, medications, surgery performed by neurosurgeons, or a specific diet. The World Health Organization estimated in 2006 that neurological disorders and their consequences (direct consequences) affect about one billion people worldwide, and identified health inequalities and social stigma/discrimination as major factors leading to disability and its impact. The brain and spinal cord are enclosed by tough membranes. However, when the brain is surrounded by the bones of the 305 https://universalpublishings.com МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024 SJIF 2024 = 5.444 Том 3, Выпуск 01, Январь skull and spinal cord and its chemical insulation by the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, the brain becomes more vulnerable. Nerves lie deep beneath the skin, but they can be injured at any time. Individual neurons, neural circuits, and the nerves they form are susceptible to electrochemical and structural damage. Neuroregeneration can occur in the peripheral nervous system, and thus can overcome or repair injuries to some extent, but this is a rare occurrence in the brain and spinal cord. The specific causes of neurological problems can vary. However, they are classified as genetic disorders, congenital anomalies or diseases, infections, lifestyle or environmental health problems, including malnutrition, brain injury, spinal cord injury, nerve damage, or gluten sensitivity (with or without intestinal damage or digestive symptoms). Metal poisoning, in which metals accumulate in the human body and disrupt biological processes, has been reported to cause neurological problems, at least in the case of lead. A neurological problem may begin in another body system that interacts with the nervous system. For example, cerebrovascular disease involves brain damage caused by problems with the blood vessels that supply the brain (the cardiovascular system); autoimmune diseases involve damage caused by the body's own immune system; and lysosomal storage diseases, such as Niemann- Pick disease, can lead to neurological disorders. In a small number of cases of neurological symptoms, no neurological cause can be identified using current testing procedures. In general, many neurological diseases may be caused by a previous, clinically unrecognized viral infection. For example, it is thought that initially asymptomatic infection with Hepatitis E virus can trigger neurological diseases. Insufficient repair of DNA damage can lead directly to cell death and neuronal loss, as well as to disruption of the pattern of epigenetic modifications required for normal neuronal function. Modern medicine has in its arsenal many methods of diagnosing diseases to combat nervous diseases. The following are most often used to diagnose a disease on a nervous basis: electroneuromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, polysomnography and much more. Today, the most common complaints associated with diseases of the nervous system are: back and neck pain, fainting, chronic headaches, memory impairment, convulsions, poor sleep, various memory problems. But it should not be forgotten that one of the most important areas of neurology is the prevention of strokes and 306 https://universalpublishings.com МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024 SJIF 2024 = 5.444 Том 3, Выпуск 01, Январь other heart diseases caused by nerves. Nervous diseases are very dangerous for human health and life. It is worth remembering some dependencies: heart disease on a nervous basis inevitably leads to a deterioration in the functioning of other organs and systems, and vice versa. It should also be remembered that a nervous