Introductory words in the Russian language: typology and their classification

Аннотация

This article examines lexical and grammatical units - introductory and modal words and provides their classification. The study presents a linguistic picture that reflects the degree of study of the use of introductory words and constructions. Based on the works of leading grammarians such as Vinogradov, Shakhmatov, Peshkovsky, Paducheva, and others, the definition of introductory and modal words is formulated and their main categories are presented. The functions of introductory words in a fiction text are also studied. Keywords: Introductory words, modal words, modality, egocentric valence. Introduction: Introductory words are an important • "Fortunately, the rain has stopped." element of the Russian language, performing the • "Apparently, it has already left." functions of modality, structural organization of the Typology of introductory words text and expression of the speaker's attitude to the content of the utterance. This article examines the Introductory words can be classified according to their typology of introductory words, their semantic semantic function: functions and role in the construction of the text, as 1. Words expressing confidence, doubt or assumption: well as typical errors associated with their use. • Confidence: of course, undoubtedly, definitely. Introductory words are a special group of words and • Doubt: probably, possibly, perhaps. phrases that are not part of the grammatical structure of a sentence, but serve to express various shades of • Assumption: it seems, apparently, probably. meaning: confidence, doubt, emotional attitude and 2. Words expressing emotional assessment: others. Their use helps to clarify, emphasize and • Joy: fortunately, to our joy. organize information in the text. • Regret: unfortunately, alas. The purpose of this article is to analyze the functions and types of introductory words in the Russian 3. Words structuring the text: language, as well as to identify their influence on the • Order of presentation: firstly, secondly, finally. perception of the text. • Summary: thus, therefore. Definition and features of introductory words 4. Words indicating the source of information: Introductory words are words or set expressions that: • In the opinion of the speaker: they say, by hearsay, in 1. Are not members of a sentence (do not answer my opinion. questions and are not syntactically related to other • Reference to authority: as is known, as he claims. words). 5. Words expressing a general attitude to what was 2. Are separated by commas, dashes or other said: punctuation marks. • Attracting attention: you see, you know, you 3. Express the speaker's attitude to the content of the understand. utterance, structure the text or express modality. • Evaluation of content: in general, in essence, on the Example: International Journal Of Literature And Languages 26 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834) whole. names of L.V. Shcherba and V.N. Sidorov. These scientists defended the thesis that not all words can be Functions of introductory words in the text attributed to one or another part of speech: yes, no, 1. Communicative function: help establish contact hello, please. They also included unchangeable between the author and the reader. independent words that are incapable of being any • Example: "As you understand, this matters." member of a sentence among words outside parts of 2. Structural function: ensure logical coherence of the speech” [Beloshapkova, 1989]. text. The second approach to the question of the status of • Example: "First, we will discuss the goals, and second, these words is associated with the works of V.V. the methods for achieving them." Vinogradov. He saw in them a common syntactic function and a common nominative function. “The 3. Modal function: express the author's attitude to the nominative commonality, according to Vinogradov, reported. consists in the fact that with the help of these words • Example: "The train will probably be delayed." the speaker’s attitude to reality is expressed, as well as 4. Emotional-expressive function: convey emotions and to the form and content of the utterance about this subjective attitude. reality. Modal words include not only words like probably, but also words like firstly, so, therefore” • Example: "Fortunately, everything ended well." [Beloshapkova, 1989]. Errors and difficulties in using introductory words Thus, modal words are a special part of speech of 1. Incorrect punctuation: unchangeable significant words that are incapable of • Error: "First of all, we agreed." being any member of a sentence. These words are • Correct: "First of all, we agreed." independent and unchangeable. It is important to distinguish modal words as a part of speech from 2. Mixing introductory and sentence parts: others from other parts of speech used as introductory • Error: "He was probably late." (without a comma) words. • Correct: "He was probably lat