Lithography

Аннотация

This article examines the historical aspects of the emergence of lithography, its technical characteristics and influence on the development of art and polygraphy. Particular attention is paid to the role of lithography in the mass production of images in the 19th century and its transformation into modern offset printing. The reasons for the popularity of lithography among graphic artists and its importance in modern conditions are also analyzed. Keywords: Lithography, printing technology, printing, art graphics, offset printing, history of lithography, color lithography. century, it was widely used to create posters, Introduction: Lithography is a type of printing in which illustrations and art reproductions. Artists such as Henri an image is engraved on a stone by an author-artist or de Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Gauguin, and Pierre Bonnard a master lithographer and printed in a special hand actively used lithography as a means of artistic printing press or on a special printing machine. The expression, experimenting with color, texture, and process was invented in the late 18th century by the form. The technology of color lithography, which German playwright and actor Alois Senefelder, who appeared in the middle of the 19th century, opened was looking for an inexpensive way to reproduce text new possibilities for the mass production of color and images. Lithography is based on using a smooth images used in the publication of advertisements, surface, usually a stone or metal plate, onto which a books and magazines. design or text is applied using a special oily substance. Post-treatment of the surface with chemical solutions Color lithography, or "chromolithography" as it is allows oily areas to attract ink, while remaining commonly called, is one of the richest visual arts in hydrophilic areas repel it, ensuring accurate graphic art. Here, as in no other method, lithography reproduction of the image when printed. has enormous tools for realizing its creative plan, both in terms of tone and texture, and in terms of the