EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE BLOOD SERUM IN YOUNG CHILDREN DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF FEEDING

Аннотация

The observed patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group consisted of 20 children aged from 10 days to 1.5 months; Group 2 included 65 children aged 1.5 to 5 months. 50 children were breast-fed, artificial (children received adapted mixtures "Detolact", "Nutrilak", "NAS") - 15 children. The predominant class of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of the examined children was immunoglobulin G. Its concentration in children of the first age group was -5.75 ± 0.26 g/l. The content of immunoglobulin M in the blood serum of the observed children (in the 1st group - 0.83 ± 0.05 g/l; in the 2nd group - 0.99 ± 0.05 g/l) was significantly higher than in healthy children (0.32 ± 0.14 g/l and 0.48 ± 0.16 g/l, respectively; p<0.01). The same changes were observed in the concentration of class A immunoglobulin (in the 1st group, 26 ± 0.05 g/l, in the 2nd group - 0.39 ± 0.03 g/l, in healthy children, the IgA content was 0 0.07 ± 0.05 g/l and 0.15 ± 0.10, p<0.01). Key words: children, natural feeding, artificial feeding, immunoglobulins, blood serum. In our society, proper nutrition is the focus of medical attention and is actively promoted. In all countries, the interest of the most diverse segments of the population, researchers and government agencies is constantly increasing. The problem of nutrition is included among the most important global problems that the UN has put forward for humanity, along with such problems as environmental protection, energy supply [1,2,8]. The protective properties of breast milk are well known to practitioners. It is natural feeding that is one of the factors that ensure the full-fledged immunological reactivity of the child [3,4,6]. 210 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 3, ISSUE 01, 2025. YANUARY ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 Breast milk protects the baby from infection, allergies, rickets, anemia. Breast milk also contains biologically active components that strengthen the immature system of the baby, providing protection against infections, and other components that help digestion and assimilation of nutrients. A sufficient number of works have been devoted to the problem of the formation of humoral immunity in healthy and sick children of 1 year of life. However, on the issue of the formation of humoral immunity in children with different types of feeding, there are only isolated works in which we are talking about children of only the 1st month of life and mostly premature babies [5,7,]. The purpose of the work. To determine the content of serum immunoglobulins of three classes (A, M and G) by simple radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini using standards and antiserums of the I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums. Materials and methods. The observed data were divided into 2 groups: group I consisted of 20 children aged 10 days to 1.5 months; group II included 65 children aged 1.5 to 5 months. There were 50 children on natural feeding, 15 children on artificial feeding (children received adapted mixtures "Detolact", "Nutrilak", "Nan"). Among 20 children of group I, 11 had acute respiratory viral infections, of which 4 children had complications in the form of bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis, pyelonephritis, and 2 had a combined course of acute respiratory viral infections and purulent bacterial infection (omphalitis, pseudofurunculosis). The remaining 9 children were treated for purulent local catarrhal and purulent infections (omphalitis, pyoderma, pemphigus, pseudofurunculosis, purulent conjunctivitis, paraproctitis, pyelonephritis). In the second age group, the vast majority of children also had ARVI (55). Of these, 19 children had an uncomplicated course, and 24 had complications such as bronchitis, catarrhal and purulent otitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis; 2 had a combined course of acute respiratory viral infection and bacterial infection in the form of pseudofurunculosis, abscess, lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, and only 10 children had a purulent local infection (pseudofurunculosis, abscess, pyelonephritis, meningitis). In most children of both age groups, the diseases occurred on a burdened background: rickets 18, hypotrophy - in 17, encephalopathy – in 23, exudative diathesis – in 13, iron deficiency anemia – in 11 children. 211 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 3, ISSUE 01, 2025. YANUARY ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 The prevailing class of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of the examined children was immunoglobulin G. Its concentration in children of the first age group is -5.75 ± 0.26g/l. The level of immunoglobulin G was practically the same as in healthy children [12] of the corresponding age groups (6.17 ± 0.16 g/l and 5.09± 0.17g/l; p <0.5), and did not change during the first 5 months of life. The absence of an increase in the level of immunoglobulin G in viral-bacterial infections in children of the first mo