STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF THE LARGE FAMILIES IN THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES

Аннотация

One of the main tasks solved in modern science is to determine the influence of various socio-cultural and economic factors on the number of children in the family. As a result of building a mathematical model, it was found that various factors affect the birth of the first and each subsequent child. The birth of the third and subsequent children is related to such factors as the level of poverty in the region, the availability of housing, the rate of marriage, the share of the rural population, and the number of abortions. Key words: large family, relationship, types of family, children, family dynamics, traditional model, childbirth. Introduction. At the same time, it can be said that the level of real income of the population and the development of the region itself have less influence on having many children [1]. Studies have shown that the transition of the family to large families can be carried out in different modes. First of all, we can talk about the difference in the initial attitude of parents (mothers) with many children to this issue - most of them did not expect the emergence of large families at first. Second, it is an attitude toward birth planning that can be conscious and intentional (parents carefully plan and construct birth spacing throughout their reproductive years), or it can often occur spontaneously in response to reproductive events. Thirdly, the decision to have another child is often situational in response to life events and is influenced by a number of motives (economic, social, psychological) [2]. Based on these factors, researchers have proposed four models of motivation for having many children: the «traditional» model of having many children is characterized by a high level of initial reproductive relationships and the unplanned nature of births; the «modern» model of large families characterized by low reproductive rates and the planned nature of childbirth; the «modern-traditional» model of large families has low reproductive rates and unplanned births; «Traditional-modern» model of large families characterized by high reproductive rates and planned nature of birth [3]. Families in developed countries invest in their children’s human capital mainly for future personal satisfaction. Caring for a young child is more time-consuming than caring for a young child, which in turn is more costly in terms of devoting other family resources to other activities that further develop the child’s education and abilities. Methods. Local and foreign researchers have long been interested in the phenomenon of large families and its impact on the quality of life of families. In the conditions of traditional society, the economic motives for the birth of children prevailed, because children were economically useful to the family as workers and were a guarantee of the well-being of the parents in their old age. Children are a special economic asset because they are not only the source of family needs, but also its long-term investment. By making this investment process, the family hopes to cover future expenses by increasing the income stream for the family as a whole or for the child himself. It should also be taken into account that the quality of the child’s human capital formation depends on the number of children in the family, and the contribution 77 of parents in this process is perceived differently. The 1970s saw the emergence of several popular publications that examined the individual factors influencing these determinants, demonstrating the important relationship between the number and quality of children in the family. G. Becker singled out the level of financial well-being of parents as the main factor affecting the level of education of children in the family. Based on this interpretation, the family acts as the main channel for the distribution of financial resources with the possibility of investing in human capital. Income received by family members fully forms the conditions for the production, development and reproduction of human capital [4]. Results. A separate research problem is related to the influence of parents’ reproductive relations on the number of children in the family. For example, in the research of the Nigerian scientist U. Isuigo-Abani, it is concluded that the decision about the number of children and the size of the family in Nigerian families is made only by men [5]. According to Y. Z. Garipov and I. S. Mavlyautdinov, both spouses should be ready to create a big family. At the same time, they note that in large families, the initiative to have a child belongs to both the father and the mother in almost equal shares. Based on the correlations between the direction of the meaning of life and the institution of couples in families with many children, attitude and purpose of divorce (r=-0,237, p<0,05), attitude and result of divorce (r=-0,248, p<0,05), attitude to sexual life and ban locus of control (r=-0.247, p<0.05), attitude and goal to egalitarian fam