EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF MODERN METHODS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND VARIOUS PSYCHOSES

Аннотация

The growing interest in psychosis psychotherapy all over the world is explained by recent research on the clinical and economic effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, which makes it possible to see the limits of the possibilities of rehabilitation methods, which have already become traditional in psychiatric practice. It is suggested that you should not create excessive fantasies about existing rehabilitation programs, since they do not solve the strategic task – to treat patients. In addition, in relation to some contingents, they do not solve the tactical task – to return to work in production. If the forms and methods used are not radically changed to a higher order, involving psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy methods, the increasing efforts in these directions will also have no effect. Keywords: schizophrenia, treatment, psychotherapy, rehabilitation. Introduction. The desire to ensure that the maximum number of mental patients in the post-hospital period is among the healthy population is growing in parallel with the trend of increased relapses due to the low level of adaptation of everyday life to psychosocial stressors in a certain part of patients. Hope for the recovery of patients with schizophrenia is growing, and in the conditions of a market economy, the possibility of their employment is declining [1]. This creates much higher demands for their productivity than a few years ago. Economic costs for stopping relapses in inpatient settings are growing, which exceeds the cost of keeping this group of patients constant in wards for chronic patients; there is also a large psychological burden of a healthy environment, which is associated with the presence of pre-morbid mental patients [2-4]. Further increase in the effectiveness and profitability of treatment is possible only on the basis of psychotherapy, which is an intervention aimed at optimizing the individual components of rehabilitation programs and, first of all, increasing the social and labor adaptation of patients. 264 Yanvar, 2025-Yil Therefore, the general statement of the question about the effectiveness of psychotherapy has now paved the way for the correct formula: what psychotherapy, under what conditions and in which patients is effective in relation to certain tasks of the expected result, as well as how the effectiveness of this psychotherapeutic model changes when its individual parameters change [5- 7]. The answer to such a statement of the question provides a systematic analysis of various groups of factors related to the subsystems of the patient, the characteristics of the doctor and their interaction, including those determined by the specifics of this model of psychotherapy. This complex task has not been satisfactorily solved to this day, which is primarily due to the difficulties of the general theoretical order [8]. The subsystem of psychotherapeutic model factors and the problem of its direct implementation during treatment remain the least available to this day. The study of the psychotherapeutic process comes to the fore, leaving aside the traditional comparison of statistical measures of the individual state of the patient before and after treatment, which allows us to talk about a new paradigm in the development of psychotherapy. Now a simple link to the name of the model used is not enough [9-11]. Psychotherapeutic models are presented in general form in educational manuals, as a result of which the psychotherapist receives his qualifications not mainly when reading manuals, but in the process of careful study of relevant practical skills for many years, in which imitation of the individual style of their mentor plays a large role. All this in practice can make it much longer than the letter of the classic description of the model used [12- 14]. Most of the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy so far is carried out without disclosing the specifics of the doctor's behavior, if the course is carried out by a sufficiently qualified and experienced specialist, it is carried out at all times and in relation to each lege artis patient. Since this is not always the case, it is very important to objectively control the psychotherapy process, to verify that the practical behavior of the doctor is consistent with the theoretical description of the model he uses [15-18]. It is necessary to clarify not only the compatibility of this model, but also the quality of the interventions used, since their number is not enough for the success of therapy. Vague opinions are expressed about the possibility of doing this. According to some experts, the technique of schizophrenia psychotherapy does not have a clear description. "There are several preliminary actions, some recommendations and many warnings from what can be taught. In practice, they rely on the intuition of a doctor" [19-22]. It is difficult to agree that a similar point of view is promising in increasing the objectivity of the level of comparative studi