THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERACTIVE METHODS IN ENHANCING THE CREATIVITY OF PRESCHOOL STUDENTS

Аннотация

The development of a creative personality is one of the important tasks of pedagogical theory and practice from the point of view of the federal state educational standard. Therefore, people are beginning to work on its solution. Methods are methods of interconnected activity of the teacher and the student aimed at achieving educational goals. The main methods of teaching and developing preschool children are practical, visual, verbal and game methods. Keywords: method, preschool educational organization, talent, creativity, communication, child. Observation is a phenomenon of attentive observation of the phenomena of the surrounding world, highlighting important, main things in them, noticing the changes taking place, determining their causes and drawing conclusions. Observation should be taught to a child from an early age, developing his ability to observe, to concentrate his attention on the observed object, to notice the main thing, to think about what he sees. In the process of observation, the child performs various mental activities: searching for answers to the questions posed, comparing, and adding. Observation in the education of preschool children develops in two directions. First, the range of observed objects is gradually expanded: observations in the group room, then in another room, on the territory of the kindergarten. In the education of preschool children, various types of observation are used: short-term and long-term, repeated and comparative observations. Long-term observations allow children to familiarize themselves with the process of development and changes in the state of a particular object. Comparative observations are of particular importance for the development of children's thinking. Older preschoolers can compare the observed object with another that is not currently directly perceived (comparison by authority): a bus and a tram, a river and a pond. Insufficiently based on observation education leads to the child acquiring formal knowledge that does not have a solid foundation. Examination of pictures, reproductions, slides, presentations and other visual aids is an important teaching method for preschoolers, allowing them to solve a number of didactic problems. Visual teaching methods are aimed at forming children's clear ideas about the surrounding objects and phenomena, developing thinking and cognitive processes. Practical methods are the teacher's methods that give a practical character to children's cognitive activity, mastering new knowledge and skills. This means that the activity is aimed at the real transformation of objects, during which the child learns about their properties and connections that cannot be directly perceived. One of the leading methods of developing preschoolers is game methods. And the game is the leading method of creative development of preschool children from the earliest age. The advantage of game methods is that they arouse increasing interest and positive emotions in children and help them focus on tasks that are not imposed from the outside, but remain a personal goal. Visual, game and practical methods are combined with verbal methods, making the former even more effective. When using only verbal methods in the development of preschool children, the effectiveness is low. At preschool age, ideas about the world around them are formed, and reading and telling stories alone are not enough - children need to be given specific examples. 154 One of the most important verbal methods is the teacher's story, which allows children to develop in a form convenient for them. In the story, the content is given in a figurative form. Storytelling is the most emotional of all verbal methods. In most cases, it has a strong effect on children, because the teacher expresses his own attitude to the events he is telling. The story encourages children to share their impressions of the content, develops creative thinking, that is, figurative thinking, and imagination. In the modern world, the method of the Italian humanist teacher Maria Montessori has become widespread. M. Montessori pedagogy is an example of the effective implementation of the ideas of free education in practical practice. The main difference between the M. Montessori method and traditional kindergartens is the attitude to the child as a unique, unrepeatable individual, with his own development plan, his own paths and the time of mastering the world around him. The main idea of the M. Montessori method is to encourage the child to self-development by placing him in a prepared environment that has a clear construction logic and corresponds to the psychological needs of the child. The task of the educator or teacher is to help the child organize his activities in this environment, follow his own, unique path, and realize his creative potential. The science of pedagogy, which views education as the reproduction of the spiritual potential of the individual, has a variety of educational effects on