RESEARCH OF THE SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF A CO-CATALYST FROM SYNTHESIS GAS

Аннотация

In this article, the characteristics of the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H in the presence of catalysts containing Co coated with 2 alkali metals were studied, the results of the study of the catalytic effect of aluminum oxides and aluminosilicates of different porosity were presented, the liquid synthesis products for the sample based on aluminum oxide selectivity increased from 41 to 92% when potassium catalyst was added, selectivity of methane formation decreased from 29 to 4%, the effect of the nature of the support (A O and SiO ) and 20Co/ The addition 2 3 2 of potassium to the SiO sample did not change the CO conversion by 86-87%, but 2 increased the yield of C hydrocarbons and their selectivity: 5+ KEY WORDS: Aluminum oxide, catalyst, Co-K catalyst, Fischer-Tropsch, aliphatic hydrocarbons, Liquid hydrocarbons, CO conversion, Co-catalyst. АННОТАЦИЯ: В статье изучены особенности синтеза углеводородов из СО и Н в присутствии катализаторов, содержащих Со, покрытых щелочными 2 металлами, представлены результаты изучения каталитического действия оксидов алюминия и алюмосиликатов различной пористости.селективность образования метана с 29 до 4%, влияние природы носителя (A O и SiO ) и 20Co/ 2 3 2 Добавление калия в образец SiO не изменило конверсию СО на 86-87%, но 2 увеличило выход углеводородов С и их селективность: 5+ КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: оксид алюминия, катализатор, Co-K катализатор, Фишера-Тропша, алифатические углеводороды, жидкие углеводороды, конверсия CO, сокатализатор. In recent years, the demand for catalysts has been increasing, nowadays almost all catalysts and sorbents are imported. Catalysts containing especially Co are one of 4 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 1, Issue 2 the main catalysts of the process for obtaining aliphatic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas [1]. In recent years, the demand for petroleum products has increased due to the dwindling reserves of oil, which is why synthetic fuels are obtained from gas and coal as a result of research. By obtaining aliphatic hydrocarbons through the Fischer- Tropsch synthesis, fuels, polymer products and organic solvents are mainly obtained, and taking into account the need for these products, the study of new catalytic properties of Co-containing catalysts and the localization of these catalysts is one of the current problems [ 2]. Currently, hydrocarbon Fe- and Co-catalysts are used in industry to obtain aliphatic mixture from CO and H . Co-containing catalysts of the Fischer-Tropsch 2 synthesis increase the yield of alkanes as a result of the reaction. Co catalyst to increase the amount of high molecular hydrocarbons and reduce the concentration of gaseous products is one of the important tasks in the development of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The introduction of alkali metals into the Co catalyst increases the average molecular weight of hydrocarbons and reduces methane production [3]. Cobalt catalysts are active in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H at 2 temperatures of 150 - 240 °C. As the temperature increases, their activity and selectivity change. An increase in temperature leads to an increase in CO conversion and an increase in the yield of synthesis products. If the total yield of C1-C4 and CO2 hydrocarbons increases with increasing temperature, the yield of liquid hydrocarbons will exceed the maximum corresponding to the optimum temperature for obtaining these products. The selectivity of the catalyst for liquid hydrocarbons decreases with increasing temperature. Temperature equally affects the main indicators of the process of synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H . The optimal synthesis temperature is their individual 2 characteristic and is determined by the composition of the catalyst, as well as the conditions of its preliminary purification. The results of studying the influence of the nature of a wide variety of supports (alumina oxides and aluminosilicates of different porosity) on the properties of cobalt systems in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H are presented [4]. 2 Table 1 Synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H in Co/carrier catalysts T=190 °С, 2 R=1 atm catalyst X % Output g/m3 Selectivity % CO 5 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 1, Issue 2 Сo/А1 O (1) 47 6 4 87 3 5 4 90 1 2 З Сo/А1 O (2) 58 15 10 96 4 11 8 80 1 2 З Сo/А1 O (3) 67 19 17 104 4 12 12 75 1 2 З Сo/А1 O (4) 51 17 14 76 3 14 13 72 1 2 З Co/ Ac(1) 16 2 2 29 2 5 5 88 2 Co/ Ac(2) 23 2 1 43 3 4 3 91 2 Co/ Ac(3) 22 3 2 40 1 6 5 88 1 Co/ Ac(4) 30 5 5 52 2 7 8 84 1 Co/ Ac(5) 34 6 7 58 0 8 9 83 0 In the studied series of catalysts for 10 Co/AC(1-5) samples, high selectivity for target synthesis products (83-91%), their low yield (29-58 g/m3) and low CO conversion of 16-34% were observed. 10Co/Al O (1-4) systems showed high activity: XCO 51-67%, the yield of