BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN THORNY ARTICHOKE AND ITS USE IN MEDICINE

Аннотация

В статье широко обсуждаются богатый биологически активными соединениями состав артишока, высокое содержание БФМ, отмеченное в листьях артишока колючего, а также высокий удельный вес листьев в общей биомассе растения. Кроме того, несмотря на широкий спектр фармакологической активности артишока и полученных из него лекарственных форм, большинство исследователей подчеркивают его явное гепатопротекторное и желчегонное действие. Ключевые слова: лопаточно-члениковые, опушенные, серовато-зеленые, безполосчатые, полосчатые, редуцированные, ланцетные, перистые, зубчатые. ТИКАНЛИ АРТИШОКНИНГ ТАРКИБИДАГИ БИОЛОГИК ФАОЛ МОДДАЛАР ВА УНИНГ ТИББИЁТДА ҚЎЛЛАНИЛИШИ Аннотация. Мақоланинг асосий мақсади Артишокнинг бой биологик фаол бирикмалардан иборатлиги, тиканли артишок баргларида БФМ миқдорининг юқорилиги, шунингдек ўсимликнинг бутун биомассасида барглар солиштирма оғирлигининг юқорилиги мисоллар асосида кенг ёритиб беришдир. Бундан ташқари, тиканли артишок ва унинг асосида олинган доривор шаклларининг кенг фармакологик фаоллик спектрига қарамай, аксарият тадқиқотчилар унинг яққол гепатопротектор ва ўт ҳайдовчи таъсирига урғу беришган. Калит сузлар: ланцетсимон, патсимон, тишсимон, кураксимон сегментли, тукланган, кулрангсимон-яшил, бандсиз, бандли, редуцияланган. 133 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 1, Issue 3 BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN THORNY ARTICHOKE AND ITS USE IN MEDICINE Introduction. Artichoke is known as a very useful medicinal plant in many nations. The chemical nature of the biologically active substances contained in artichokes has not been known for many years. Due to its widespread use as a food, fodder and medicinal plant, active research on the chemical composition of this plant began in the 20th century. A number of Italian scientists contributed greatly to the study of the phytochemistry of this valuable plant. To date, the biochemical composition of artichoke has been studied by many scientists and found to be very useful [187; 378 p.], [201; 351 p.], [203; pp. 198–199]. Due to its medicinal properties and rich biochemical composition, artichoke is included in the register of medicinal plants in many countries [105; p. 1277] Chlorogenic (1) and caffeic (2) acids were also isolated from fresh leaves of artichoke by M. L. Scarpati and his colleagues [147; pp. 253–260]; [153; p. 1147]. The study of phenolic acids and flavonoids contained in artichoke was also the object of research by scientists from the CIS countries. Based on the study of the composition, quantity and healing properties of these substances, scientists have given valuable recommendations for its use in medicine. 5-caffeic acid and 4-caffeic acid were isolated from prickly artichoke and named neochlorogenic acid (3) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4), respectively [124; pp. 191–199]. Along with the mentioned acids, they managed to isolate isochlorogenic acid from artichoke and proved that it is a mixture of the following three acids: 4,5-, 3,4- and 3,5- dicofeylquinic acids. The total acids extracted from thorny artichoke are as follows: cynarin, chlorogenic, caffeine, neochlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, isochlorogenic - they are collectively called "oxycorinic acids", "caffeic acids", "oxycinnamoylic acids", "orthodioxyphenols", "polyphenols" in the literature.[126; pp. 285–286]; [127; p. 361]; [139; pp. 1–7]; [141; pp. 993–994]. One of the main problems of standardization of artichoke raw materials and preparations derived from them is the selection of various standard substances, for example, 134 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 1, Issue 3 dry leaves contain 1.7-4.2% orthodioxyphenolic acid based on caffeic acid, and 0.9-1.4% phenolic acid based on cynarin. and 0.02-1.4% caffeic acid should be present based on chlorogenic acid [215; pp. 1117–1121]. In the course of vegetation, plant metabolites are formed in the following sequence in different parts of the plant: chlorogenic acid - chlorogenic acid + scolimoside - chlorogenic acid + scolimoside + cinaroside - scolimoside - chlorogenic acid + scolimoside + cinaroside + cinarin. In this case, the amount of chlorogenic acid decreases as other orthodiphenols increase in different parts of the plant. Another group of biologically active substances of artichoke are flavonoid compounds. Flavonoids were first isolated from artichoke leaves by French researchers. The two predominant compounds have been identified as 7-O-glucoside luteolin (cinaroside) and 7-0-rutinoside luteolin (scolimoside). Other flavonoid compounds were also found in lesser amounts in the leaves and other parts of artichoke: 7-rutinoside-4-glucoside luteolin (cinarothrizide) [45; pp. 16–20], 7- glucoside, 7-rutinoside and 7,4-diglucosidapigenin, 3-glucoside, 4-glucoside and 7,4- diglucoside luteolin, naringenin, 7-glucoside and 7