STUDY OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF MEDIEVAL MOVAROUNNAHR IN INDEPENDENT UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

This article analyzes the achievements in the field of history since independence in Uzbekistan and the researches of historians related to the historiography of Movarounnahr. Key words: independence, historiography, sources, Movarounnahr, middle ages, Arab historians, sources in old Uzbek script, Somanids, Khorezmshahs, Karakhanids, Timurids. With the honor of independence, a new era of research began in the history of our country and in the directions related to it, along with many fields. Since the 90s of the 20th century, representatives of the science of history have created many scientific works, pamphlets, and articles related to the field. Among them, R. Shamsutdinov, Sh. Karimov, H. Ziyayev, B. Eshov, A. Zamonov, H. Boboyev, D. Ziyoyeva, A. Muhammadjanov, D. Alimova, B. Ahmedov, etc. Including, many works on the history of medieval Movarounnahr have been carried out, sources are being analyzed. In his book ``History of Uzbek statehood'' written in 2012, B. Eshov describes the dynasties operating in the territory of our country, their state structure, financial and tax policy, socio-economic life, state positions. taste In this book, the historian thoroughly analyzes the arrival of Arabs in our country and its reasons, as well as the political situation in the country. In the early Middle Ages, as you know, the Turkistan region consisted of independent governorships. The processes of subjugation of these governments to the Arabs are described in sequence. ``In general, the attacks organized by the viceroys of Khurasan, Abdullah ibn Amir, Ubaidullah ibn Ziyad, Sayyid ibn Usman, Salma ibn Ziyad, etc., during half a century, were aimed at looting, studying the military and political situation in the country, and taking away wealth. was organized. In 705, when Qutayba ibn Muslim was appointed as the viceroy of Khurasan, the campaign to completely conquer Mowarounnahr began. The political disorganization in Central Asia and the frequent conflicts between the small states were extremely helpful to Qutayba. In 706, he started marching to Movarounnahr with an extremely large army, and the city of Poikand was captured after a 15-day siege. From this discussion, it is known that during the Arab invasion, there was political chaos in our country. This was the opposition to the unification of the governorships on the basis of a single purpose, and in turn, the Arabs benefited from this process. This book describes the administration and political situation of other dynasties in our country that ruled in the Middle Ages. [1] Also, in 2001, Azamat Ziya wrote a book entitled ``History of Uzbek Statehood'', 69 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 1, Issue 3 covering the period from the earliest times of our country to the Russian invasion. In this book, the historian explains in detail the principles of state management. Basics of management and public positions are described by giving examples from sources. For example, giving a description of the Samani state, he emphasizes the activities of Ismail Samani. Ismail is a statesman who has managed to continue the experience and traditions of more than 1600 years in the history of our statehood. First of all, he focused on the work of ensuring the political unity of our country. united a number of regions under his rule. Although not all of them entered the path of absolute subordination, they were forced to recognize the authority of the powerful central authority. So, Ismail managed to restore the foundations of centralized statehood. After that, he started to introduce this centralized state management system. Because the state, which has just regained its independence, needed an administration operating within a strict order. Ismail was able to solve this task as well. However, as was seen in the experience of other dynasties, the representatives of Samani who came to the throne after Ismail's death (November 25, 907) (Ahmad, Nasr II, Nuh I, Abdumalik, Mansur I, Nuh II, Mansur II) inherited the legacy left by their great ancestors. they were powerless to save. For example, Ahmed, who took the throne after Ismail, raised the Arabic language to the level of the state language. However, this thing was destroyed during the time of Ismail. It can be seen that Ismail Somani ruled the country with justice and determination. Due to the loss of this determination during the period of the next rulers, the leadership in the country increased. That's why Ahmad, the ruler after Ismail, was killed as a result of the rebellion. A lot of such valuable information is presented in the book. Also, the book contains various information based on sources about the trade and diplomatic relations of the dynasties of our country with the neighboring nations. [2] Shamsiddin Kamoliddin, Doctor of History, is a scientist who studied the Somanids period. In 2017, the scientist ``Ismail ibn Ahmad al-Saman