A MODERN APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF CARIES IN CHILDREN USING FLUORIDE-PRESERVING DRUGS.

Аннотация

The article provides a literary review of the prevention of dental caries in children. The main focus is on exo and endogenous fluoride prophylaxis, which is one of the main methods of preventing tooth decay. Keywords: dental caries, prevention, children, hygienic training, fluoride, fluoridation, focal demineralization. СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПОДХОД К ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ КАРИЕСА У ДЕТЕЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ФТОРСОХРАНЯЮЩИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ. Аннотация. В статье представлен литературный обзор профилактики кариеса зубов у детей. Основное внимание уделено экзо- и эндогенной фторпрофилактике, которая является одним из основных методов профилактики кариеса зубов. Ключевые слова: кариес зубов, профилактика, дети, гигиеническое обучение, фтор, фторирование, очаговая деминерализация. The problem of dental caries, despite the progress achieved in reducing its prevalence and intensity worldwide, continues to occupy a leading position among other dental illnesses In accordance with modern theories of the etiology and pathogenesis of caries, the disease is considered multifactorial. In its formation and development, significant role belongs to a complex of hereditary, congenital and acquired factors, as well as poor nutrition, low fluoride content in drinking water, presence of general somatic diseases, exposure to adverse environmental factors, etc. Early prevention of dental caries in the preschool period is one of the urgent tasks of modern dentistry, since a significant proportion of children suffer from its complications, starting from a very early age. The problem of early stages of dental caries (focal demineralization) in the last decade has been solved by using special remineralizing drugs. In the early years, remineralizing agents included separately preparations containing ions of micro- and macroelements of fluorine, calcium, and phosphorus. Currently, searches are underway for new preparations similar in composition and properties. There are a large number of publications in domestic and foreign literature on the use of various methods and means of preventing dental caries in children, as well as on the development 816 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 2 Issue 1 of general and local measures to prevent it. According to these ideas, the ways of preventing this disease should be built, of which there are currently three: primary; secondary and tertiary prevention of caries. Primary prevention of caries in children should begin in the neonatal period. Numerous works by scientists from foreign countries are devoted to early diagnosis, prevention and rational treatment of early childhood caries. It has been established that one of the factors in the violation of this system of equilibrium of the oral cavity is over-acidification of saliva, when taking food rich in carbohydrates. A decrease in the pH of the oral fluid leads to a decrease in its mineralizing potential. Analysis of literary sources shows that in recent years, new methods of primary prevention of dental caries have been constantly improved and introduced. It has been established that most of these measures, aimed at eliminating the etiological factors that cause dental caries, are related to methods of primary prevention, which help reduce the growth of dental caries. In countries around the world and the CIS, many studies have been carried out on the etiology and pathogenesis of caries and prevention of its prevention, the intensity of caries in children has been significantly reduced. However, the issue of preventing dental caries in children remains an important and pressing problem, since the high incidence of caries in children poses a real threat to the health of the younger generation. It is impossible to solve the issues of preventing childhood caries without studying and creating preventive anti-caries programs that can cope with the disease of preschool children. It is an undeniable fact that the cariogenic situation in the oral cavity develops more actively and is clinically manifested faster with poor oral hygiene, due to abundant plaque and tartar. Improper oral care contributes to the appearance of soft plaque, which prevents the necessary macro- and microelements from entering the tooth enamel, thereby disrupting the enamel maturation process. Timely and effective removal of plaque reduces the risk of the implementation of the cariogenic properties of bacteria and organic acids. In the organization of preventive measures for all dental diseases, including dental caries, is the hygienic education and upbringing of the population, especially children. At first glance, proper oral hygiene care is simple and accessible. But, the very process of organizing and conducting hygienic education and upbringing among preschool children is complex. According to most researchers, it is advisable to start hygienic education and upbringing with children attending preschool educational institutions: first the younger (3-4 years old), then the middle (4-5 years old