ANATOMY OF THE PHARYNX: HEAD AND NECK REGION

Аннотация

The pharynx, a central structure located in the midline of the neck, serves as a shared pathway for the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the respiratory system, in addition to the oral cavity. It is a funnel-shaped organ, wider at the upper end beneath the base of the skull and narrower at its lower end at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), where it transitions into the esophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly. Its muscular and membranous composition enables it to perform vital functions such as food swallowing, air conduction, and voice production. Understanding its anatomy, embryology, neurovascular supply, musculature, surgical implications, and clinical relevance is essential to appreciating its significance.