ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN AND HARVESTING OF COTTON

Аннотация

In this article, the history of the origin of cotton and the recommendations for increasing its yield are given through its analysis. Key words: Cotton, fiber, yield, irrigation, mineral fertilizer, temperature Enter. Cotton is a perennial plant that belongs to the family of flowering plants (genus GASSIPIUM). It originated in the Cretaceous period and has been living for several tens of millions of years. Cotton first began to grow in tropical countries, and later, with changes in the earth's climate, it also began to grow in arid regions. Cotton spread in north-western India, Pakistan, Samoli semi-deserts, and after the opening of the American continent, it was found that it spread to Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The third place of cotton is Australia, where you can still find wild species. So, the cotton plant is a semi-shrub and tree-like perennial, and its wild species were the reason for the emergence of species with one-year short-day neutral and sympodial branching. 193 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 2, ISSUE 12, 2024. DECEMBER ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 In more than 80 countries of the world, 20 million tons of cotton fibers are grown annually on an area of approximately 30-32 million hectares (annual change is about 2 million hectares). China, the USA, India, Pakistan and Uzbekistan are the leading countries in the supply of cotton fiber. They account for 65% of the cotton fiber grown in the world, the remaining 35% are cotton fiber, 75 It belongs to the countries that grow za. More than 200 million pickers will be busy with harvesting cotton. 60 million working farmers are constantly working in various organizations and enterprises in cotton raw materials, processing, seed, oil, and protein processes. Of the countries that grow cotton, China annually has approximately 3.7 million hectares, Uzbekistan has 1 million 441 thousand hectares, with a yield of 24.5 s/ha and a gross yield of 3.5 million tons, India 9 million, Pakistan 2.9 million hectares, Brazil 2.2 million hectares, as well as Egypt, Mexico and Turkey is one of the main cotton producing countries. Cotton is one of the valuable technical crops from which various raw materials and Gossipium hirzitum - medium products are obtained. But the main purpose fiber of planting it is to get fiber. 63 kg of seed and (Mexican) cotton 37 kg of fiber are obtained from 100 kg of 1-leaf, 2-flower, 3-pod, 4- raw cotton. The following main products are open pod, 5-pod, 6-lobe, obtained from the seed. Kunjara-23 kg, 7- fibrous waste, 8-seed barley-18 kg, oil-12 kg, spinning fiber-33 kg, fluffy cotton-3 kg, short fluff (delint)-3.5 kg, [УКАЖИТЕ ЗДЕСЬ ИСТОЧНИК.] fluffy lint-3.5 kg, large cotton-2 kg. About 300 products are obtained from cotton fiber, seed, stalk and leaf. One kilogram of fiber produces 8-12 meters of chit or 15-20 meters of batiste, 40-150 spools of yarn, and dozens of other products are obtained from the seed. During cotton processing and ginning, dead (immature short-fibered bolls, tangled fibers) and short lint (less than 5.0 mm in length) are produced. Cotton contains 30-35% fiber and 50-55% seed (24-29% oil in seed), 2-3% dead fiber, 3- 5% short lint. Cotton is divided into cotton, medium-fiber and long-fiber types depending on the type of selection and the thickness of the fiber. It is known that the potential of the cotton plant is very large, and it has been proven that it can produce 250-300 centners of cotton per hectare or more in hydroponics, vegetation containers and some stationary experimental fields. For example, Xinjiang-Uyg of China In 2011, a world record high cotton yield was recorded in Ur Autonomous Region. In the experimental field, 126.7 quintals of 194 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 2, ISSUE 12, 2024. DECEMBER ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 cotton were grown from one hectare. Also, in 2016, 60 quintals of cotton per hectare were grown in Israel. In our country, 30 to 45 centners of cotton per hectare is grown in advanced farms and scientific research institutes. However, this cannot be an abstract limit of cotton productivity. Standard to hairy seeds to hairless seeds Indicator names II III II III I category I category category category category category Moisture (mass 9,0 10,0 10,0 9,0 10,0 10,0 percentage of moisture), max Impurity (mass fraction 5,0 6,0 0,7 0,2 0,3 0,3 of mineral and organic impurities), max Hairy, mostly — — _ 0,3 0,4 0,5 Mechanical damage, at 5,0 6,0 7,0 6,0 7.0 8,0 most residual fiber, at most: 0,8 0,8 0,8 — — — for hairy seeds For naturally depilated 0,4 0,4 0,4 — — — seeds It is an important task to create the optimal conditions necessary for the cotton plant at each phase and stage of its growth and development. In a word, the possibility of harvesting cotton is very large. Cultivated varieties that are planted as annual plants, while keeping their genetics, are sometime