THE PROBLEM OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Аннотация

This article discusses the problem of speech development in preschool children. Such concepts as: speech, speech development, language are disclosed. The tasks of speech development by different authors are also presented. The question of the importance of the formation of correct and good oral speech in preschool children has been studied. Keywords: speech, speech development, language, speech development tasks. INTRОDUСTIОN The problem of speech development of preschool children is very relevant today. The question of speech development was dealt with by many scientists and teachers. A.G. Arushanova gives the following definition of speech: "This is the most important creative function of a person, the area of manifestation of the inherent ability of all people to cognition, self-organization, self-development, to build their personality, their inner world through dialogue with other personalities, other worlds, other cultures". According to F.A. Sokhin, "Speech is a psychophysical process, it is the realization of a language that fulfills its communicative purpose only through speech". The practical solution of speech development issues largely depends on understanding the relationship between language and speech. In everyday life, these words are often used as synonyms, but this is wrong. The characteristic of speech is usually given through its opposition to language. "Language is a system of objectively existing, socially fixed signs that correlate conceptual content and typical sound, as well as a system of rules for their use and compatibility. Language is a means of communication, and speech is the process of communication itself. Language is abstract and reproducible, objective in relation to the speaker. Speech is concrete and unique, material, consists of articulate signs perceived by the senses, dynamic, subjective, is a kind of free creative activity of the individual. Speech development is considered as the formation of skills and abilities to accurately, expressively, freely and appropriately use language units, rules of speech etiquette. This is a purposeful, systematic and systematic process in which, under the guidance of a teacher, children master a certain range of speech skills and abilities. Thus, the development of speech is closely connected with the development of personality, the development of consciousness, knowledge of the surrounding world. A preschool-age child has a growing experience of speech communication, and at the same time, a sense of language and the ability to create words are formed. MАTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS The mastery of the native language, the development of speech is one of the most important acquisitions of a child in preschool childhood and is considered in modern preschool education as a common basis for the upbringing and education of children. K.D.Ushinsky attached special importance to the sense of language, which, according to him, suggests to the child the way of combining words in a sentence, grammatical turnover, the place of stress in a word. 50 During the preschool period, contextual (abstract, generalized, devoid of visual support) speech is gradually formed. Contextual speech appears first when a child retells fairy tales, stories, then when describing some events from his personal experience, his own experiences, impressions. The actual task of speech development in the senior preschool age is the development of diction. It is known that the organs of the speech-motor apparatus are not yet coordinated and clearly functioning in children. Some children are characterized by excessive haste, unclear digestion of words, "swallowing" endings. There is also another extreme: an unnecessarily slow, stretched manner of pronunciation of words. Special exercises help children overcome such difficulties, improve their diction. The Russian psychological school believes that the development of a child's speech has a socio-historical conditionality. L.S. Vygotsky put forward and developed the idea of the social nature of the causes and features of speech development, which was confirmed in the studies of P.Ya. Galperin, A.N. Leontiev, A.R. Luria, D.B. Elkonin. RЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN Many factors influence the successful development of a child's speech. One of these factors is interaction with a native speaker, who is a role model for him. Communication is formed, according to M.I.Lisina, by three main categories of means of communication. 1. subject-effective. 2. expressive and mimic. 3. speech operations. In modern methodology, the goal of speech development of preschool children is the formation of not only correct, but also good oral speech, of course, taking into account their age characteristics and capabilities. The general task of speech development consists of a number of particular, special tasks. The teacher's knowledge of the content of the tasks is of great methodological importance, since the correct organization of work on the development of speech