THE ROLE OF NEUROLINGUISTICS IN MODERN LINGUISTICS

Аннотация

нейролингвистика — это междисциплинарная область, изучающая связь между языком и мозгом. Она фокусируется на том, как языковые способности представлены, обрабатываются и нарушаются в человеческом мозге. В современной лингвистике исследования по нейролингвистике способствуют пониманию усвоения языка, билингвизма и языковых расстройств, таких как афазия, что вносит значительный вклад в развитие лингвистики, психологии и когнитивных наук. Ключевые слова: нейролингвистика, современная лингвистика, мозг и язык, усвоение языка, афазия, когнитивные науки, билингвизм. Annotation: neurolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field exploring the relationship between language and the brain. It focuses on how linguistic abilities are represented, processed, and impaired in the human brain. In modern linguistics, neurolinguistic research aids in understanding language acquisition, bilingualism, and language disorders such as aphasia, contributing to advancements in linguistics, psychology, and cognitive sciences. Keywords: neurolinguistics, modern linguistics, brain and language, language acquisition, aphasia, cognitive sciences, bilingualism. Neurolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the complex relationship between language and the human brain. It explores how linguistic abilities are represented, processed, and sometimes impaired within the neural structures of the brain. By combining linguistics, neuroscience, and psychology, neurolinguistics provides profound insights into the mechanisms of language 37 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference acquisition, comprehension, production, and disorders, such as aphasia and dyslexia. This understanding is crucial for developing effective therapies for language impairments and advancing artificial intelligence models for natural language processing. The roots of neurolinguistics can be traced back to the 19th century, with the pioneering work of Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke, who identified specific brain regions associated with language production and comprehension. However, neurolinguistics as a formalized discipline emerged in the mid-20th century with advances in brain imaging technologies, such as MRI, fMRI, and PET scans. These tools enabled researchers to study brain functions in real time, revolutionizing the understanding of how the brain processes language. Over the decades, the field has grown significantly, aligning itself with breakthroughs in cognitive science, linguistics, and neurobiology. Neurolinguistics plays a pivotal role in modern linguistic theories, particularly in psycholinguistics, generative grammar, and cognitive linguistics. For instance, it tests theoretical models, such as Chomsky’s Universal Grammar, by examining how innate linguistic structures manifest neurologically. Additionally, neurolinguistic findings support cognitive theories of language by providing empirical evidence on how meaning, syntax, and phonology are processed in the brain. This synergy between neurolinguistics and modern linguistics enriches the understanding of both human language and cognition. Role of neurolinguistics in explaining linguistic phenomena. Neurolinguistics contributes significantly to understanding core linguistic components such as syntax, semantics, and phonology by mapping them onto neural processes: Syntax: Neurolinguistic studies demonstrate how the brain processes sentence structures and grammatical rules. Research using brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI and ERP (Event-Related Potentials), reveals that regions like Broca’s area are activated during syntactic processing. These findings help validate linguistic theories, such as generative grammar, by showing how syntax operates neurologically. Semantics: Understanding meaning in language is closely tied to brain areas like the temporal lobe and angular gyrus. Neurolinguistics examines how words and their meanings are stored and retrieved. For example, semantic processing often involves interactions between different brain regions, illustrating the complexity of word associations and concepts. Phonology: Neurolinguistic research explores how speech sounds are perceived, produced, and represented in the brain. Studies show that auditory 38 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference processing regions, such as the superior temporal gyrus, are crucial for distinguishing phonemes, while motor areas like the motor cortex facilitate speech production. By integrating findings from brain studies, neurolinguistics bridges gaps between abstract linguistic theories and their biological manifestations, offering empirical evidence to refine our understanding of how language works in the human mind. Its application in interdisciplinary studies, neurolinguistics intersects with various disciplines, further enhancing its relevance to modern linguistics: Psychology: Neurolinguistics collaborates with psycholinguistics to ex