MAḤMŪD IBN MUḤAMMAD IBN ʿUMAR AL- JAGHMĪNĪ – THE PHILOSOPHER AND FOLLOWER OF CLAUDIUS PTOLOMY FROM TRANSOXIANA

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматривается влияние научного наследия Птолемея на астрономические взгляды Аль Чагмини, натуралиста и философа из Моварауннахара. Ключевые слова: Вселенная, космос, небесное тело, теоретическая астрономия, “Альмагест”, “Мулаххас фи-аль хая”. Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Jaghmīnī was an esteemed scholar of the 12th–13th centuries who lived and worked in Mavarannahr. According to sources, the village of Chaghmin in Khwārizm is indicated as the place of birth a natural philosopher and follower of prominent figures such as Abu Rayhan Beruni, Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, and al-Farghani, he contributed significantly to the development of science in the Islamic world. Sources identify his birthplace as the village of Jaghmīnī in Khwārizm in Central Asia.His renowned work, Al-Mulakhkhas fi-al-hay’a, is dated 618 H/1221 CE according to a manuscript preserved in the Leiden Library [1]. Al-Jaghmīnī's lifetime coincided with the final phase of the political, economic, and intellectual prosperity of the Khwārizm Shāhs dynasty under the Anushteginids (470-628 H [1077-1231 CE]). He is known to have taught the exact sciences at madrasas in Gurganj, the capital of the Khwrāzm Shāh state [2]. 63 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference His prolific writings include works such as “Fi Quwa al-Qawakib wa-Ha'afiha” (On the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Planets), a concise treatise on astrology; “al-Mulakhkhaṣ fī al-hayʾa al-basīṭa” (صخلملا يف ةئيهلا); “Election A Treatise on the Role of the Number Nine in Mathematics” (ةلاسر باسحلا عستلا), “Commentary on Mathematical Methods in Matters of Inheritance Division” (حرش قيرت باسحلا يف لئاسم ةيصولا) and “Talhis Kitabi Uqlidis” (A Summary of Euclid’s Book). The scientist's contribution to science is first of all measured by his discoveries in the field of astronomy. Among his works that have come down to us, his greatest work is the treatise "al-Mulakhkhas fi-al hay'a" ( شخلملا يف ةثيهلا ) on astronomy , which is translated into Uzbek as "A short collection of astronomy".The “al- Mulakhkhaṣ fī al-hayʾa was an extremely popular astronomical textbook that played a critical role in the teaching, dissemination, and institutional instruction of Islamic theoretical astronomy. The treatise was written in 1206 AD/603 AH, during the period when economic, political, and spiritual life of the Khwrāzm Shāh kingdom flourished. This treatise is a simple and concise summary of the science of astronomy in medieval Muslim science, and also provides extensive information about the general conclusions of geography and other natural sciences. He drew new conclusions from the natural sciences by widely involving the scientific works of Central Asian thinkers. In this work of Jaghmīnī, the general structure of the world surrounding man, celestial lights, circles, the position of the planets, the sun, the moon's eclipse, the length of the solar year, night, day and other important issues have been reworked. The Mulakhkhaṣ was also translated from its original Arabic into Persian, Turkish, and Hebrew, and continued tobe taught in earnest well into the nineteenth century [3]. We mentioned above the influence of Greek thinkers in the formation of Umar al- Jaghmīnī 's cosmological and ontological worldview. Translations of Greek natural science and philosophical sources into Arabic are important in the formation of аlloma's natural-philosophical worldview. Translation in the Muslim East processes continued from the 8th century to the 10th century, in which mainly Greek scientific and philosophical sources, partially ancient Persian, Indian, Syriac and Jewish (Hebrew) sources were translated into Arabic. Middle The famous fixrist An-Nadim, who lived and created in the early Middle Ages, gave information about 65 famous translators of the early Middle Ages. Among them, Hunayn ibn Ishaq (d. 877), his son Ishaq ibn Hunayn (died in 911), 64 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Qusto ibn Luqqa (died in 900) were the most famous [4], and besides them there were many unknown translators and commentators. Jaghmīnī 's natural philosophical views were greatly influenced by the philosophical and rational views of Greek scholars Aristotle and Ptolemy on the existence and structure of the cosmos. The greatest work of Ptolemy, which influenced Umar al- Jaghmīnī's views on astronomy, is the "Mathematical System" * known as "Almagest" (Al-Majist), which describes a unique new system of cosmology was covered in his work, which included much of the traditional knowledge of Greek mathematical astronomy. The consistent and perfect description of the work served as a guide for the next generations. The work soon gained great fame among representatives of science in Alexandria, Athens and Antioch. The work consists of thirteen parts, which include a simple interpretation of geometric models, quantitative parameters of the celestial shel