CLINICAL FORMS, COURSE AND TREATMENT METHODS OF MANIACAL-DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS DISEASE

Аннотация

The study focuses on the topic of clinical forms of maniacal – depressive psychosis and their psychopharmacotherapy, provides information on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinic of this disease, theoretical knowledge about mental disorders, comparative diagnosis of disease variants from other diseases, issues of measures for modern diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and on rehabilitation problems. Key words: Maniacal-depressive psychosis, psychopharmacotherapy, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ФОРМЫ, ТЕЧЕНИЕ И МЕТОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ МАНИАКАЛЬНО-ДЕПРЕССИВНОГО ПСИХОЗА Аннотация. Исследование посвящено теме клинических форм маниакально– депрессивного психоза и их психофармакотерапии, содержит информацию об этиологии, патогенезе, клинике этого заболевания, теоретические знания о психических расстройствах, сравнительной диагностике вариантов заболевания с другими заболеваниями, вопросам мер современной диагностики и лечения заболевания, а также о проблемы реабилитации. Ключевые слова: Маниакально-депрессивный психоз, психофармакотерапия, этиология, патогенез, диагностика, лечение, реабилитация. Introduction. Maniacal-depressive psychosis (cyclophrenia, circular psychosis, cyclothymia) is a periodic mental illness with depressive and maniacal stages and a period of Tula wellness between them – alternation with intermission. Maniacal-depressive psychosis includes freely expressed types (cyclophrenia) as well as soft expressed types (cyclothymia) [1-3]. 176 NEW RENAISSANCE 2025 JANUARY INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 1 The current manifestation of maniacal-depressive psychosis is the German spiritualist scientist E.Crepelin is described. In the period leading up to it, the concept of an independent disease, such as separate mania and melancholy, could prevail in the opinion of Hippocrates (Bucrotus) [4-6]. To highlight maniacal – depressive psychosis as a separate nosological unit, E.Crepelin carefully compared each other with cases where clinical manifestations are opposite (internal unity of depressive and maniacal disorders), their origin and characteristics (hereditary – generality, similarity of family background), course (periodic – stage) and ultimately — result (non – formation of personality – final defect) [7-10]. Etiology and pathogenesis. From the time of crepelin, maniacal-depressive psychosis is introduced into endogenous diseases. These include biochemical and other biological changes in the patient's body (changes in catecholamine metabolism, disruption of mineral Metabolism, effects of endocrine changes, etc.), hereditary aspects, age and gender in the body [11-14]. Kallman reports that the risk of contracting two zygotic twins is 20-25% compared to 66- 96% in monozygotic twins. Again, in families whose parents are diagnosed with maniacal – depressive psychosis, the proportions of feeding on their children are also being determined. It is necessary that the appearance of maniacal – depressive psychosis, sex, structure of the torso, the relationship of the individual with the state before the disease – women are more likely to get sick than men. 60-70% of maniacal – depressive psychosis patients are women. The meaning of the catecholamine hypothesis is that in the case of depression, there is a functional deficiency of norepinephrine in the brain, and activation in the brain. A dexamethasone test is used to study violations of the functioning of the adrenal gland [15-19]. Clinical picture and course of maniacal – depressive psychosis: maniacal – depressive psychosis can begin at any age – from children to the elderly. In contrast to epidemiological data, the disease often begins at mature and advanced age (40-50 years old). With maniacal – depressive psychosis, women are more likely to be ill (up to 2 times) than men, with a higher proportion of women confirming the incidence by all authors. E.According to the data of crepelin and his contemporaries, maniacal – depressive psychosis is a common disease, and this mental diagnosis is poured and treated in 10-15% of diseases [20-26]. The main and Uzi – specific manifestations of maniacal – depressive psychosis consist of depressive and manacal stages of depression and uplifting mood. The main leading clinical manifestations of maniacal – depressive psychosis are depressive (maniacal) and maniacal (manic) syndromes (stages) [27-30]. 177 NEW RENAISSANCE 2025 JANUARY INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 1 Although the stages of manifestations of maniacal – depressive psychosis disease differ, they have many common sides. The totality is such that disorders are observed in the same and same part of mental activity, which can be grouped into three large groups. 1. Mood disorders. 2. Violation of the speed of thinking. 3. Speech-the acquisition of movement activity. Depressive stage. The depressive phase is characterized by three signs: 1. Tunkunlik-with a sad