АBILITY AND SUITABILITY TO BECOME A DRIVER

Аннотация

Improving driver training methods, monitoring physical condition, professional selection, improving their professional qualifications, administrative and legal measures applied to violators, as well as financial incentives are important factors that directly affect driver safety. Key words: methods of driver training, control over physical condition, professional selection, qualification, administrative and legal measures, еxtrovert, introvert, System "Driver - Car - Road - Pedestrian - Environment". The current driver qualification system is based on dividing all vehicles into 5 categories, taking into account the function and type of vehicles, as well as their handling characteristics. The driver has the right to drive vehicles only in the category specified in the driver's license. Moving to a higher category requires additional training, passing tests in driving theory and practice, and sometimes more or less long-term work as a trainee. Such a system stimulates the development of driving skills during work. In the “Driver – Car – Road – Pedestrian – Environment” system, the driver should be considered not only from a physiological point of view, but also as a person with a system of psychological characteristics that play an important role in ensuring his reliability (Figure 1). 7.1 47 3 1 Figure 1. System "Driver - Car - Road - Pedestrian - Environment" The need for the successful completion of the task in front of him, the level of interest in the work, the driving process itself, the desire for self-affirmation, success, a sense of responsibility, the level of confidence in one’s capabilities, comfort, volitional qualities - each of these characteristics, especially their various combinations, has a great importance in ensuring road safety. The results of an analysis of the causes of road accidents from a psychological point of view show that the driver’s reliability can decrease as a result of his propensity for risk, adventurism, indiscipline, carelessness, emotional instability, aggressiveness, insufficient hierarchy, values, a sense of superiority over others, etc. Improving driver training methods, monitoring physical condition, professional selection, improving their professional qualifications, administrative and legal measures applied to violators, as well as financial incentive measures are important factors that directly affect driver safety. In order to evaluate the ability to drive a car, it is necessary to compare the degree to which a certain person corresponds to the parameters of some exemplary drivers. At the first stage, this norm is understood as a statistical norm and, in rare cases, a functional norm. Currently, there is no approximate single criterion that meets all the requirements for effective and safe driving for all people and conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the differences between statistical and psychological data on accident rates. 7.1 48 3 1 The concept of “Driving Compatibility” must meet not only the requirement of road safety, but also the requirement associated with the ability to quickly reach the destination of the trip, taking into account the speed and intensity of traffic flow, providing an optimal driving mode. These demands are reflected in the driver's ability to adapt to traffic while respecting and maintaining safety and speed requirements. The possibilities of using experimental psychology methods make it possible to timely identify drivers who do not meet the requirements for them. However, effective consideration of the state of psychophysiological processes during training and during classes is possible only with a sufficiently complete and correct understanding of the nature of these processes and their manifestation in the activities of drivers. One of the most famous psychological tests belongs to the English psychologist G. Eysenck. Personal questionnaire created 24 of the 57 proposed questions are aimed at determining the degree of extroversion or introversion of a person. These concepts were developed at the beginning of the century by the Swiss psychologist C. Jung and introduced to define different personality types. They are derived from the Latin roots extra-external, intro-internal and vert-inversion. Extroverts are characterized by impulsiveness, initiative, flexibility of behavior, and politeness. Introverts are distinguished by their attention to the events of their inner world, which is expressed in unsociability, isolation, and a tendency to introspection. 7.1 49 3 1 Statistical analysis shows that the number of accidents is associated with driver characteristics such as: - emotional instability; - inability to judge speed and distance; - bad reaction; - concentration, distribution and switching, ability to quickly manage a situation and make decisions, etc. Therefore, early identification of a contingent of people with such incidents and excluding them from the number of candidates for the profession of a c