STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE TEXT OF APPLICATIONS IN FRENCH

Аннотация

This article provides a detailed explanation of the theoretical and practical foundations of writing formal applications. The structure, main parts, and content of applications are expressed in a formal style, reflecting social and hierarchical relationships. In particular, the use of politeness forms (la formule de politesse) in applications written in French is analyzed, depending on the status of the recipient. Expressions that serve to express respect and politeness, their hierarchical order, and the context of use are explained through examples. This guide is aimed at improving the process of writing applications, covering grammatical and pragmatic aspects. In particular, the correct choice of the level of respect and taking into account hierarchical relationships in the process of writing applications increases the chances of achieving the applicant's goal. Keywords: Application, official document, la formule de politesse, level of respect, hierarchical relations, form of address, polite expressions An application is an official document, written to a specific institution or official in the name of a person with a request, proposal or complaint. This document is written in an official style and is one of the most widely used and widespread business papers in practice. Writing an application is a widespread phenomenon in society and is used by representatives of various social strata, from schoolchildren to students, managers, farmers, engineers, scientists, entrepreneurs and officials. Thus, almost all members of society are not immune to the process of writing an application. The prevalence and diversity of the application document are associated with the diversity of its writers and the institutions to which it is sent. These documents can be addressed to school principals, university rectors, enterprise managers, district or regional leadership, in general, to any department or head who has the authority to consider and resolve the applicant's proposal, request or complaint. This shows how wide-ranging and diverse the applications are. Writing an application is an integral part of any official communication, and its content and form differ fundamentally depending on the purpose. At the same time, applications in French differ not only in grammatical and stylistic terms, but also in language elements that reflect social hierarchy. A correctly 20 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference formulated application text increases the chances of receiving a faster and more effective response to the author's appeal. Regardless of the size, style, and type, any formal letter has its own essential components, the consistency of which is essential for the effective reception and understanding of the letter. Each part has its own function, serving to express the purpose, content, and respect for the person being addressed. These parts are especially important in French-language letters, and they are based on clearly defined rules. The main components of French letters are explained in detail below: 1. Sender's details (Les coordinates de l’expéditeur) The personal details of the person or organization writing the letter are given at the beginning of the document. They include: • Surname and first name: Required to identify the sender. • Position: If the applicant is applying from an organization or company, this should be indicated. • Address: The exact address of the sender's place of residence or work. • Telephone number: Required for communication. • Email address: To receive a response to the documents electronically. This information helps to identify the applicant and serves as a basis for communication. 2. Recipient details (Les coordinates du destinataire) The full details of the person to whom the application is being sent are written. This section includes the following: • Surname and first name: The full name of the recipient. • Position: Indicates whether the recipient is an official or manager in the organization. • Address: The exact mailing address of the institution. • Phone number and email address: To contact the applicant if necessary. This information is important to ensure that the application is sent to the correct recipient. 3. Purpose (L’Objet) This section is one of the most important sections of the application, in which the writer briefly, clearly and concisely states why he is applying. This section clarifies the type of application and the purpose of its writing. For example, it can be in the form of “Demande d’emploi”, “Demande de renseignement” or “Demande de logement”. 4. City and date 21 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference The place and date of the application are indicated. This section serves to determine the time relevance of the document. The date increases the level of formality of any document and is important for future use. For example: Samarc