FACTORS AND CAUSES OF HELMINTHIC DISEASES AND THE INFLUENCE OF THESE FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE RATE

Аннотация

Соғлом турмуш тарзи учун қишлоқ хўжалигини юқори технологияларга асосланган ҳолда ривожлантириш, инсонларнинг камроқ касалликларга чалинишини борасида керакли чорала-тадбирларни ишлаб чиқишдан иборат. Бироқ, паразит организмлар табиатда кенг тарқалган бўлиб, миллий иқтисодиёт ва инсон саломатлигига катта зарар етказаётган бир давирда уларни ўрганиш ва қарши курашиш ҳам муҳим топшириқлардан биридир. Калит сўзлар: паразитар касалликлар, алоқа усули, аскридоз, гелминтознинг барча турлари. Аннотация: Для благополучного здорового образа жизни важно развивать сельское хозяйство на основе высоких технологий, разрабатывать и применять меры для того, чтобы люди реже болели. Однако, в природе широко распространены паразитические организмы, наносящие большой вред национальной экономике и здоровью людей, важно изучать их и разрабатывать контрмеры. Ключевые слова: Паразитарные заболевания, способ общения, аскридозы, все виды гельминтозов. Relevance of the topic: In many regions, the endemicity of helminthiasis is associated with socio-economic, historical and demographic processes. Therefore, the fight against these diseases is relevant both from an economic and political point of view. The improvement of the cultural and living standards of the population, the growth of the culture of agricultural activities, as well as regular preventive measures against helminthiasis contributed to a significant decrease in the incidence of parasitic infections in our republic. The purpose of the study: The aim of the study is to study the factors causing helminthiasis in Uzbekistan, as well as the influence of these factors on morbidity rates. Research materials: The study used official reports of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent on 7.1 6 2 10 the incidence of helminthiasis for the period from 2015 to 2022, as well as data from epidemiological studies conducted in foci of infection. The results of the study: In Tashkent, from 2015 to 2022, 594350 (in 2015) to 551083 (in 2022) people were tested for the presence of helminthiasis. In 2015, out of 594,350 people tested, 10936 (1.8%) were infected, and in 2020, out of 569931 people, 9184 (1.6%) were infected. During the period under review, a total of 75,124 cases were registered, among which mainly contact-transmitted helminthiasis - enterobiosis (72722 people, 1.6%) were diagnosed. Also, 688 patients with ascariasis were registered in the city, the infection index was 0.01%. For other helminthiasis, the following data were obtained: teniarynchosis - 170 people (0.003%), hymenolepidosis - 1315 people (0.02%), echinococcosis - 229 people (0.9%). The incidence of helminthiasis among the population of Tashkent in 2015-2022 is presented in Table 1. Table 1 The incidence of helminthiasis among the population of Tashkent in 2015- 2022 (in absolute numbers). 7.1 7 sraeY fo rebmuN selpmas era kcis ehT htiw.etulosba Including sisoiboretnE htiw.koltum ipelonemyH sisod tiw.etulosba h sisairacsA tiw.etulosba h zohniraineT s.tulosba ccoconihcE siso tiw.etulosba h 2015 594350 10936 10450 292 106 42 46 2016 568713 10641 10231 188 153 28 41 2017 590654 10084 9779 157 95 22 31 2018 575046 9629 9355 149 83 22 20 2019 568921 9243 8977 161 63 19 23 2020 569931 9184 8942 142 68 16 16 2021 558833 7635 7424 118 58 10 25 2022 551083 7772 7564 108 62 11 27 According to the results of checking external sources of the environment, fruits and vegetables for helminth eggs in Tashkent in 2016-2022, the following data were obtained (Table 2). Table-2 Information from the Department of Parasitology of the SESTashkent on the number of studies conducted 2 10 Year The Positive Soil Vegetables Open water The number of s number results and fruits sources helminth eggs of eggs subjected to subject research ed to Total Positive Итог Positive Total Positiv Total Positive researc results о results e results h results 2016 98338 524 1312 9 150 2 555 2 94966 511 4 7 2017 96353 462 1524 1 161 5 739 5 9247 451 4 6 2018 88628 268 2211 - 158 - 653 3 8476 265 9 8 2019 86460 306 1490 - 162 - 659 2 8269 304 1 0 2020 86210 358 1246 3 136 3 568 2 8303 350 2 4 2021 85647 288 1463 - 137 - 608 - 8219 288 9 7 2022 88164 300 1531 - 164 - 752 2 8423 298 9 2 Итого 62980 2506 1077 13 1071 10 4534 16 60436 2467 0 7 8 4 According to the results of the inspection of external environmental sources in Tashkent, 10777 soil samples were taken in 2016-2022, of which 13 (0.12%) gave a positive result. Similar results were also obtained when checking fruits and vegetables: out of 10,718 samples, 10 (0.09%) were positive. When checking samples from open reservoirs and samples of epidemiological significance, the level of positive results was significantly higher. For example, out of 4,534 tested samples of open reservoirs, 16 (0.35%) turned out to be positive. Out of 604,364 samples taken in institutions, 2,467 (0.4%) positive results were obtained. Thus, the collected data indicate that in th