The effect of hepatitis b and c virus related diseases on labor productivity (labor market) in Pakistan

Аннотация

Health is the key and significant asset that a human being has that allow people to exclusively develop their abilities. If this asset corrodes or not fully developed, it will cause emotional and physical weakness that causes hindrances in people lives. Keeping in view the importance of health in human capital and human development index, it is important to conduct a study that highlight the consequence of Hepatitis in Pakistan. This study is designed to estimate the effect of viral hepatitis (B & C) on labor productivity, International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 01 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research family income, morbidity and mortality, estimate the number of persons living with HBV infection is direct and indirect cost hepatitis (B & C) and total cost estimated to stay at the existing high levels for the next imposed on each patient and their family in Pakistan. 40 to 50 years, with an aggregate 20 million deaths Primary data was collected from 8,388 Hepatitis B and happening between 2015 to 2030. A stepped-up C patients at district headquarter hospitals, private worldwide response can no longer be delayed. Pakistan hospitals and doctors’ clinic from 77 districts across has the 2nd highest number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) Pakistan including Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit infection after Egypt in the world. Both HCV and Baltistan through a well design questioner containing hepatitis B virus (HBV) are connected with increasing 36 questions based on demographic and economic mortality and morbidity. It has been recently estimated indicators. Descriptive, probit logit and OLS that every 13th Pakistani is infected with either HBV or econometric techniques were applied for data HCV infection (Government of Punjab, 2017). analysis. This study finds significant effect of viral National survey was conducted to estimate the hepatitis B and C on labor productivity, labor mobility, prevalence of HCV and HBV in the Pakistan in 2008. The absenteeism and presentism at work place and family survey explored that 2.5% of population was positive for income, in Pakistan. This study also found significant HBV whereas the prevalence of HCV was estimated at impact of hepatitis on productivity in terms of 5% in Pakistan. The frequency of anti HCV in Punjab was absenteeism and presentism and estimated that an 6.7% which is higher than the national average whereas average per patient and their attendant’s absenteeism the prevalence of HBV was comparable (2.4%). At the and presentism 1.89 days per month and total working general level the prevalence of HCV at 5% explains that days. Furthermore hepatitis B and C had also found an estimated 8 million people in Pakistan are exposed to significant indirect impact on labor mobility this infection, while 4 million (2.5% prevalence for HBV) employment and mortality and concluded that 2.07% infected with hepatitis B. Recently, University of Bristol, visa rejection, 6.2% job rejection, 1.2% job termination UK has done a modelling study to estimate the epidemic and 5.2% morality caused by hepatitis B and C. similarly of hepatitis C in Pakistan. The study revealed that to the effect of hepatitis B and C was found indirect and achieve the WHO target for eliminating hepatitis C from caused decline in income in term of loss of working Pakistan by 2030, Pakistan has to overall treat 1.1 days and sell of assents. The government should form million hepatitis C cases annually. such policies that encourage long term investment in Pakistan has the 2nd highest number of hepatitis C virus human capital by both government and public sector. (HCV) infection after Egypt in the world. The risk factors Recommendation: Health care expenditure must be responsible for relatively high prevalence of Hepatitis B increased up to 5% of GDP to meet the minimum and C are includes un safe blood transfusions (15%), requirements for the provision basic health facilities to history of hospitalization (14%), dental clinic (13%), use population. of contaminated injections (12%), and history of surgery (9%), sexual relationship, vertical transmission, lack of Keywords: Hepatitis, Labor productivity, Labor initial screening facility, old sewerage system and Mobility, Absenteeism, Job Rejection. barber shop. Pakistan launched its first ever plan on August 29, 2005 with the help of Center for Excellence in Molecular Introduction: Viral hepatitis also known as hepatitis A, Biology (CEMB) at University of the Punjab, Lahore to B, C, D, and E affects millions of people around the significantly decrease the prevalence mortality and world, leading to acute and chronic liver disease. Viral morbidity due to viral hepatitis in the general hepatitis is the 8th highest cause of death worldwide population by exploiting the prevailing health and is responsible for an estimated 1.41 million deaths infrastructure. The total cost incurred by g