Роль лингвистических школ в обучении языку

Аннотация

В статью рассматривается актуальная проблема преподавания английского языка как иностранного студентам нефилологических вузов. Представлен вариант практической реализации основных компонентов методической системы в учебном комплексе упражнений и заданий, позволяющий наметить новые и эффективные методы обучения иностранным языкам. Данная работа будет интересна и полезна учителям иностранных языков и другим категориям специалистов, профессионально занимающихся исследованием и применением новых методов в обучении языкам. Аннотация. Илмий мақола филологиядан ташқари университетлар талабалари учун инглиз тилини чет тили сифатида ўқитишнинг долзарб муаммосига бағишланган. Чет тилларини ўқитишда янги ва самарали усулларни белгилаш имконини берувчи машғулотлар ва топшириқлар мажмуасида услубий тизимнинг асосий таркибий қисмларини амалий тадбиқ қилиш варианти келтирилган. Ушбу мақола чет тили ўқитувчилари ва бошқа тоифадаги мутахассислар учун тадқиқот ва тилларни ўқитишда янги усулларни қўллаш билан шуғулланадиган мутахассислар учун қизиқарли ва фойдали бўлади. Reasons for the formation of linguistic structuralism. The system of phenomenological philosophy of the school of positivism. Copenhagen School of Linguistics. Danish Structuralism L. Hjelmslev, W. Bröndal and H. Uldall. A. pp.521-534 Glossematics. L. Elmslev. Prague Linguistic School. Mothesius, Trnka, Trubetskoy, Jacobson. Prague Linguistic Circle. Concepts. Functions. Prague Linguistic School. Problems of phonology. Prague Linguistic School. Grammar problems. Prague Linguistic School. Typological study of languages and language unions. London School of Structuralism (School of Conceptualism). American structuralism. The Birth of American Structuralism Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield. Descriptive linguistics. Syntactic analysis. Transformational Method (American School). Generative Linguistics (American School) Sociolinguistics. Ethnolinguistics. Cognitive linguistics. General tasks of cognitive linguistics. Topics and direction of cognitive linguistics. Synchronic and diachronic linguistics. F. de Saussure and his place in linguistics in the 20th century The concept of language and speech (Saussure). Internal and external linguistics. Theory of prototypes. 1. Reasons for the formation of lingo-structuralism. The system of the phonemical philosophy of the school of positivism The emergence of structuralism as a leading trend in the first half of the 20th century. associated with the widespread use of the concept of structure in science. The concept of structure becomes in the 20th century. one of the most commonly used terms. This is due to a deeper disclosure of the physiological mechanism of nervous activity with the use of cybernetic principles in various areas of human activity. The provisions of structural psychology have been widely developed. An important role in the development of the philosophy of linguistic structuralism was played by the system of phenomenological philosophy and the school of neopositivist. A significant place in the initial general theoretical foundations of descriptive linguistics, one of the branches of linguistic structuralism, was assigned to behaviorism. 271 The beginning of the doctrine, called phenomenology, was laid by Husserl. The essence of the teaching is as follows: 1. The subject of philosophy is a phenomenon (phenomenon) and consciousness, regarded as the only directly given phenomena. 2. these phenomena are some absolute entities that have universal significance. The task of philosophy in order to reveal the univ-ing essence behind the world of incoming phenomena Husserl put forward the demand to make philosophy a rigorous science, the provisions of which would be close to the laws of logic and mathematics. Representatives of the school of phenomenological philology had a meaning. influence on the forms of structural linguistics, influenced both the representatives of the Prague school and the representatives of the Copenhagen school. The works of the Copenhagen School were based on Husserl's philosophical views. from the very beginning it developed as an international philosophical trend. Logical positivism originates in the Vienna Circle, which was formed in the early 1920s. under the direction of M. Schlick. It included: R. Karnak, F. Frank, O. Neuran. Along with them in the 30s. a so-called group of "analysts" arose in England (A. Ayer) and the Lvov Warsaw School in Poland (Aidykevich, Tarksky, Tfardovsky). The English logic-mathematician and philosopher B. Russell and the Austrian L. Witgeistein played a very important role in the emergence and development of neopositivist. In the opinion of neopositivists, philosophy should be a "logical analysis of language" in the words of Wittgeistein or logico-syntaxis in Karnath's terms on the basis of mathematical logic. Under the general name of structuralism, it is customary to combine the trace. schools: Prague; Copenhagen; London; American structuralism (cat. is a very div