PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF A CHARACTER'S SUBJECTIVE RELATIONSHIP IN DIALOGUE

Аннотация

Dialogue is an important tool for increasing the artistic and aesthetic impact of the language of a work of art. Dialogic speech is an important pragmatic tool for showing the mental state of characters, their attitude to others, and the development of events in literary texts. Keywords. Dialogue, pragmatics, character, text, speech, communication. ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СУБЪЕКТИВНОГО ОТНОШЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЖА В ДИАЛОГЕ Аннотация. Диалог является важным средством повышения художественно- эстетического воздействия языка художественного произведения. Диалогическая речь является важным прагматическим средством показа душевного состояния персонажей, их отношения к окружающим, развития событий в художественных текстах. Ключевые слова: Диалог, прагматика, персонаж, текст, речь, коммуникация. The emergence of speech, the process of its emergence, manifestations, purpose and result are of equal interest to representatives of all spheres of human speech activity. The process that covers the emergence of speech, its realization and effect, of course, is based on the need for communication. Therefore, it is possible to define this need as the initial basis and, accordingly, to consider the subsequent stages. From a pragmatic point of view, in the addressee - message - addressee system, first of all, the thought that caused the speaker or writer to enter into communication with the person to whom the speech is addressed ensures the next stage, that is, the realization of the thought - oral or written. "It is known that the participation of three main elements is mandatory in the emergence and occurrence of speech communication, namely the speaker (writer) - information (text) - listener (reader) That is, in speech communication, the speech conditions, the information channel (such as voice, writing, magnetic recording, telephone), the status, age and other characteristics of the communication members, as well as the role of various other non-verbal means are extremely important, even often decisive. But these three elements are the main pillars of speech communication, without any of which the communication process cannot take place”1. 1 Йўлдошев М. Бадиий матн лингвопоэтикаси.-Тошкент:Фан,2008.-Б.30-31. 1104 ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 10 Before entering into a conversation with a person to whom speech is directed, a person mentally thinks over the thoughts he will express, chooses words. The goal set for the speaker when entering into a speech conversation and the selection of language units that ensure the formation of internal meaning determine the pragmatic effect of the conversation. A.R. Luria stated that “Research on the development of speech conducted by psychologists shows that the transfer of meaning to broad speech occurs through internal speech.”2 Thus, the thought formed on the basis of inner speech takes on forms such as monologue, dialogue, and polylogue in external speech, depending on the number of participants in speech communication. In Uzbek linguistics, these forms of speech, their role at the syntactic level, and their functional-semantic possibilities have been studied to a certain extent.3 While monologic speech is an expression of a single person's attitude to the facts of reality and their mental experiences, polylogic speech is manifested as an exchange of ideas between many people around a certain topic and goal. "A dialogic text is a whole speech unit consisting of a set of statements of two people that form a thematic and logical whole, one complementing, clarifying, and explaining the other."4 The communicative situation plays an important role in determining the pragmatic nature of dialogue. In this, the role of dialogue in showing the relationship between the participants of the dialogue, their position in the speech situation, their morals, and their spiritual level is incomparable. Because "Any participant in a discourse enters into a relationship using the opportunities given to him. The level of his dominance in speech begins to be felt in his behavior in that situation itself."5 These factors in the selection of linguistic units and their application in dialogical speech serve to ensure the aesthetic impact of the language of a work of art. We will see that dialogue is an important tool in increasing the artistic and aesthetic impact of the language of a work of art in the following excerpt from the work of the writer Nazar Eshonkul "People of War". The excerpt clearly expresses the developing attitude of Anzirat, whose position in the dialogue is relatively low in the speech situation, throughout the course of the story. At the beginning of the dialogue in the work, Anzirat's purpose in entering into a dialogue is based on protection. In this case, non-verbal actions - hugging her son's head, the fact that her voice is shaky, weak and painful - serve to describe her mental state: 2 Лурия А. Р. Травматическая афазия. – М., 1947. С.85–86.