Morphology of modal words in uzbek and english languages

Аннотация

The presence of wide possibilities in the manifestation of the modal category, of course, indicates that this category is a universal phenomenon and its study is of great importance for understanding the essence of a language construction. In this article, the author analyzes the relationships of the language to the most complex and comprehensive category of modality in English and Uzbek, as well as the expression of the category of modality. Also, the examples analyzed in GafurGulam's story "A Naughty Boy" clearly show the diversity of attitudes towards this category. Keywords: category of modality, modal words, modal particles, mood, category of mood, prepositional phrase, language unit. Modality is one of the integral functional features of oral speech. The category of modality is one of the most complex and meaningful aspects of linguistic communication. This category is one of the problems that of interest not only scholars in the field of natural and social sciences but also linguists, which is widely used in lexicology, phraseology, word formation, morphology, cognitive and textual linguistics. Modality can be objective and subjective. “Objective modality refers to the relation of an expressed thought to reality (for example, real and unreal, possibility and impossibility, necessity and probability) and is expressed using grammatical and lexical means (inclination, modal word, particles, intonation). The subjective modality reflects the attitude of the speaker to the expressed thought (trust or disbelief, agreement or disagreement, expressive assessment) as it is represented by word order, intonation, lexical repetition, modal word, particles, exclamatory sentences, introduction, phrase word and introductory remarks [National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2000: 38]. The presence of such a wide range of possibilities in the manifestation of the modal categoryindicates that this category is a universal phenomenon and that its study is extremely significant for understanding the essence of language construction. Words that express the speaker's attitude (modal meaning) to the thought being expressed are called modal words. Modal words include:афтидан, дарҳақиқат, дарвоқе, аттанг, эҳтимол, афсус, шубҳасиз, сўзсиз, табиий, албатта, ҳақиқатдан, ниҳоят, бўпти, демак, айтмоқчи, ўз-ўзидан, бор, йўқand etc). For example: Дарҳақиқат, менинг фикрим тўғри чиқди (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 87) – Actually, I was right (Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 74);Дарвоқе, хўжайиннинг айтгани тўғри, олди қиш, борадиган, ётадиган маконимиз йўқ. (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 81) – Actually, the boss was right. The winter was coming and we did not have any place to live (Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 70). Modal words, as mentioned above, give different modal meanings to an idea. Accordingly, modal words are divided into the following types according to their semantic properties: 1. Modal words that express modal meanings such as clarity of thought, confidence, approval: албатта, шубҳасиз, ўз-ўзидан, ҳақиқатдан, табиий, дарҳақиқат. For example: Билет олиб кўришга, албатта, сенда нақд ақча бўлмайди (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 89) – Of course, you won’t have money for purchasing a ticket (Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 77). 86 2. Modal words expressing modal meanings such as doubt, uncertainty: балки, ҳойнаҳой, чоғи, афтидан, мазмуни, чамаси, шекилли. For example: Чамаси, ювғувчи топилмай бир неча кун туриб қолган бўлса керак, анча ҳидланиб кетган эди (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 35) – I think he had laid there for several days because they hadn’t found a person who could wash it. There was a bad smell there (Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 29). 3. Modal words expressing modal meanings such as goal, requirement, condition: керак, зарур, даркор, лозим. For example: Энди Омоннинг ахволидан хабар олиш зарур эди (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 36) – Now we had cared for Omon(Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 30). 4. Modal words denoting existence and assertion: бор, майли, хўп (sometimes тўғри, яхши, тузук qualities are also used in this sense based on function). For example: Майли, улгуржироқ пул топсанг, иккинчи боришда сени ҳам ҳажга олиб бораман (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 115) – If I find much money, I will bring you to Hadj with me (Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 96). 5. Absence, denial, objection: йўқ. For example: Пул сўрайдиган жойига етиб қолдими?- Йўқ (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 137)–Is it reached at this time?(Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 115). 6. Represents an approval value: дуруст, бўпти. For example: Дуруст, – деди Омон (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 86) – Well, – said Omon (Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 73). 7. Concluding remarks, modal words denoting stress: демак, хуллас, модомики. For example: Хуллас, мен учун бу ер шикоят қиларли даражада зериктирувчи жой эмас эди (Ғафур Ғулом. Шум бола, 104) – Thus, this place was not boring for me (Gafur Gulom. A Naughty Boy, 88). 8. Modal words expressing the meaning of a reminder: дарвоқе, айтгандай, айтмоқчи. For example: Дарвоқе, хўжайиннинг