PSAMMOPHYTE PLANTS AND THEIR TYPES IN THE KARAKALPAKSTAN REGION

Аннотация

This article discusses psammophyte plants and their types, the desert - the plant world. Keywords: psammophyte plants, climate, sandy and gypsum soils, plants. ПСАММОФИТНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ И ИХ ВИДЫ В РЕГИОНЕ КАРАКАЛПАКСТАНА Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются псаммофитные растения и их виды, пустыня - растительный мир. Ключевые слова: псаммофитные растения, климат, песчаные и гипсовые почвы, растения. DESERT - a type of biome in countries with a permanently dry and hot climate that does not allow the good development of the plant world. It occupies more than 20% of the Earth's land area. According to the soil and the deposits covering the surface of the earth, the following deserts are distinguished: sandy deserts on the porous rocks of ancient alluvial plains, gravelly and sandygravelly deserts on gypsum plateaus and foothill plains, gravelly-gravelly gypsum deserts on gypsum plateaus and foothill plains, stony deserts on low-carbon sandy soils, loess deserts on foothill plains, clayey barren deserts on the plains of foothills and in the place of ancient river deltas, clayey high deserts in low mountains formed by saline marl and clayey rocks, salt deserts on sea coasts and in salt-sand depressions. The plant species of the desert are unique. They are one of the centers of ancient speciation. Pre-Cenozoic endemics are widespread in these places. Plant species Deserts depend on the structure of the earth's surface, soil composition, and moisture content. There are also similarities in the distribution of desert plants on different continents; vegetation is sparse and of few species, and the same plants grow in large areas. Inland deserts of temperate regions, sclerophyllous plants, including leafless shrubs, are abundant. Among them, ephemerals and ephemeroids occupy an important place. Inland deserts of subtropical and tropical regions, xerophilous shrubs and perennial grasses are abundant. The plant world of sandy deserts is quite rich, while in gravel deserts, there is little vegetation. In deserts covered with saline soil, plants do not grow at all. The plant world of subtropical deserts is much richer. Here, small acacias and eucalyptus grow, and in the deserts with gravel and sand, salt and salt-alkali plants are found. 321 ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 10 In the subtropical and tropical deserts on the ocean coasts, there are many succulent plants. In the river valleys of the temperate deserts of Asia, deciduous trees grow - turangil, poplar, willow, and sycamore, and in the river valleys of the subtropical and tropical regions, evergreen plants grow - palms and sycamores. Plant life in the desert (plain) is mainly associated with sand and gypsum soils and salt marshes. The sandy desert includes the Kyzylkum, the dry core of the Kashkadarya (Sandiqlykum), the Kattaqum in the lower part of the Surkhandarya and the sandy massifs of the Khorezm oasis. Most of the sand dunes are fortified with plants. Trees or large shrubs such as white saxaul, juzgun (kandim), Circassian; shrubs such as white boyalich, rabbit bone, red clover, cherry tree grow on the sand dunes. The territory of Karakalpakstan was divided into 4 botanical-geographical regions: Ústirt, Kyzylkum, lower slopes of Ámiwdarya, and the rest of Aral. About 1,000 species of exotic plants grow here. Most of the plants have useful properties, and some of them have been used in herbal medicine since ancient times. In Ústirte, the wide distribution of ephemeral plants - biyurgun, juwsan, seksewil, gewrek, ephemerides, all ephemeroids, gives the possibility of abundant grazing of livestock. There are white seksewil, júzgin, juwsan, cherkez, biyurgun, ephemerals and ephemeroids in the Kyzylkum field: kızylsha (ephedra), juwsan, selew, white-grained, colored plants, etc. it blew. Most of them are herbaceous plants, some of them are also used in medicine (gewrek, kızılsha, juwsan). Another region of Karakalpakstan - the lower layer of the Amiwdarya - consists of a flat plain that looks like a shale towards the Aral Sea. It is said that the pressure of the Togai horticulture in the current and former delta region of the Amiwdarya is one of the most densely populated regions in Middle Asia. Other types of vegetation in the lower reaches of the Амивдарян include reeds, grasses, sedums, and sedums. There are few plants left in the Aral Sea, which has recently been replanted. They are all halophytes: jıñğıl, jüzgin, sora, selew hám, etc. The most important of the poplar-like plants is the black type of this species. Juzgun roots grow sideways up to 20 m and retain sand to a certain extent. Selenium from perennial grasses is of particular importance in strengthening sands. It prevents the movement of sand with its spreading roots and above-ground parts (stems) and creates conditions for the growth of other plants (juzgun, saxaul, etc.). Also, a perennial ephemeral plant adapted to growing in sand - ilok - reproduces by root cuttings. In