EVALUATION OF COOLING AGENT DEPENDENCY AND AVERAGE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF APPLES AND APRICOTS INTENDED FOR EXPORT

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION numerous countries reflects the high quality and The export of Uzbek apple and apricot varieties to efficiency of the country's agricultural sector. https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajas 17 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES (ISSN – 2689-0992) VOLUME 06 ISSUE06 Varieties such as Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, popular and globally recognized apple varieties. and Subhoniy are among the most exported fruits, This apple variety has a diameter of approximately renowned worldwide for their exceptional taste 6–8 cm and weighs between 150–200 grams. The and quality. The diverse climatic conditions and fruit features a golden-yellow skin, sometimes with fertile soils of Uzbekistan contribute to high a greenish hue. It is sweet with a slight tartness, productivity and enable these fruits to be widely predominantly sweet in taste, very juicy, distributed globally [1-4]. moderately firm, and has a delicate, pleasant aroma [9]. The apricot (Prunus armeniaca) belongs to the rose family and is a fruit-bearing plant. Its origin is The Golden Delicious apple was discovered in 1914 Central Asia, where 10 species are known. Varieties in West Virginia, USA. Initially, it was known as such as common apricot, Manchurian apricot, "Mullins Yellow Seedling" or "Mullins' Yellow Siberian apricot, David apricot, and black apricot Apple" before being renamed Golden Delicious. are widely cultivated. Apricots are grown in This variety thrives in temperate climates. regions including Northern India, Iran, Turkey, Extremely cold or hot conditions can harm its Italy, Spain, North and South Africa, North America, growth and quality. Golden Delicious apples are Australia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and southern typically harvested in September and October parts of European Russia. Apricots were when fully ripened, as they do not continue to ripen domesticated over 5,000 years ago in Central Asia after being picked. Its naturally sweet flavor makes and China and 2,000 years ago in Southern Europe. it an excellent choice for fresh consumption. There are now more than 500 known varieties [5- 6]. One of the outstanding qualities of the Golden Delicious apple is its excellent storage capability. It The Subhoniy apricot is one of Uzbekistan's famous can be stored for several months in a cool and dry and widely cultivated apricot varieties. This variety environment. The ideal storage conditions are a is known for its high-quality fruit and exceptional temperature of 0–4°C with 90–95% relative productivity. Subhoniy has been grown since humidity. ancient times and is prevalent across various regions of Uzbekistan. Its fruits are medium-sized, The Golden Delicious apple is renowned with a diameter of 4-5 cm and a weight of 30-50 worldwide for its sweet taste, juicy texture, and grams, often slightly elongated or round. When versatility. It is not only delicious but also a healthy ripe, the fruits are yellow to golden in color, with fruit variety that offers numerous benefits for occasional red hues on their surface. They are overall well-being [10–11]. sweet, flavorful, and juicy, with a unique aromatic Today, the use of high-quality and energy-efficient scent. The texture is soft, smooth, and delicate, and technologies in the export of fruits has become the flesh separates easily from the pit [7]. increasingly important as global demand for The apple (Malus domestica) belongs to the seasonal fruits and vegetables rich in natural Rosaceae family and is a deciduous tree or shrub vitamins, micro-, and macroelements grows year that produces seeded fruits. In Uzbekistan, wild by year. Alongside this, research aimed at apple varieties are predominantly found in the preserving the condition of exported fruits, mountainous regions of Tashkent province, delivering them to consumers in high quality, and including Bostanlik, Parkent, and Ohangaron maintaining the unique flavor components of the districts. Based on ripening periods, apples are fruit at optimal levels holds significant relevance. categorized into summer, autumn, and winter METHODS varieties. Apples are frost-resistant, sun-loving, Determining the physical properties of fruits is of and moisture-demanding. They are adaptable to significant importance in the food industry, storage various soil types but yield the best results in fertile technologies, and export processes. The quality of soils [8]. fruits such as apples and apricots is assessed by The Golden Delicious apple is one of the most https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajas 18 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES (ISSN – 2689-0992) VOLUME 06 ISSUE06 analyzing parameters such as mass, volume, specialized meter, which measures the rate of heat density, circumference, water content, pH level, transfer through the fruit’s internal structure. This and thermal conductivity. Each parameter is parameter is expressed in watts per meter-kelvin measured using speciali