ECOLOGY OF WATER TYPES IN THE MIRZACHUL REGION (PONTASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS (ESCHSCHSCHOLTZ, 1823): HABITATS AND INDICATOR CHARACTERISTICS IN THE STUDY OF WATER TYPES

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION important bioindicator for assessing the condition The study of the ecology of river crab in the of water bodies and identifying environmental Mirzachul region (Pontastacus leptodactylus problems. Understanding the ecological (Eschschscholtz, 1823) is of particular importance advantages and requirements of this species allows for understanding the state of aquatic ecosystems for the acquisition of information for managing the in this region. This species, Pontastacus state of aquatic ecosystems, identifying threats to leptodactylus, plays an important role in the food populations, and developing measures to protect chains of freshwater systems, which affects the them.[6,14] structure of communities and the distribution of organisms in water bodies. Pontastacus A review of existing studies shows that ecological leptodactylus is sensitive to changes in water studies of Pontastacus leptodactylus indicate that quality and environmental conditions, making it an this species is widespread in Eurasia, preferring https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajabe 9 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ISSN – 2689-1018) VOLUME 06 ISSUE11 clean and slightly saline water bodies with sandy or - Oxygen content: A high concentration of clay soils. The literature describes the dissolved oxygen (at least 6 mg/l) is necessary to characteristics of its life cycle, including water maintain normal physiological activity and growth, temperature, oxygen content, and requirements for and a lack of oxygen can lead to a decrease in mineral composition, highlighting its sensitivity to population numbers. water quality. As a bioindicator, P. leptodactylus is - Mineral composition: water mineralization plays used in a number of studies to assess the ecological an important role in metabolic processes and the state of water bodies: its presence and the state of health of this species; The values from 200 to 800 populations often indicate the stability and health mg/L are considered acceptable. These factors of the aquatic environment. A number of determine the habitability of ponds for Pontastacus researchers are also considering its sensitivity to leptodactylus and allow for an assessment of the pollution by organic matter, heavy metals, and state of the environment.[4] temperature fluctuations, which allows it to be used for environmental monitoring.[5,6,9,10]. The purpose of this study is to investigate rivers in Environmental factors The population of the Mirzachul region. Syrdarya, Zominsuv, Sangzor Pontastacus leptodactylus is affected by a variety of and Guralash canals; The study of the habitat and environmental factors, including: indicator characteristics of Pontastacus leptodactylus in the Mirzachul, South Mirzachul, - water temperature: the optimal temperature Dustlik, Jizzakh main, and Arnasay reservoir outlet values for this species are in the range of 18-24°C, channels [Fig. 1]. This study aims to assess the and increasing the temperature can cause stress condition of water bodies using this species as a and reduce activity. bioindicator. Identifying factors influencing its - pH of water: this cancer prefers a neutral or population allows for a better understanding of the slightly hydroxide environment with a pH of 6.5 to ecological state of local aquatic ecosystems, 8.5, as changes in pH can affect metabolism and developing recommendations for their protection integument permeability. and sustainability conservation.[3,12] Figure 1. The distribution of hydrobionts in populations of rivers and canals in the Mirzachul region (n= 10, m2/piece) Pontastacus leptodactylus 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Syrdarya Zaminsuv Sangzor G'uralash Mirzachul South Dustlik Jizzakh Arnasoy river river canal Mirzachul canal main reservoir canal canal outlet Canal https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajabe 10 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ISSN – 2689-1018) VOLUME 06 ISSUE11 30 °c. Description of the research area of materials and methods: The characteristics of water bodies in the -pH level: from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, in Mirzachul region and their main ecological the range of 6.5-8.5. parameters: the Mirzachul region, the Mirzachul - Dissolved oxygen content: the indicators typically plain, is located between the Kyzylkum desert and range from 5 to 12 mg/L, depending on the water the Syr Darya. The northern edge of this region, activity and the level of vegetation cover. adjacent to the wide plains, corresponds to the border of Kazakhstan, while the southern border - Water mineralization: the degree of runs along the administrative border of Tajikistan mineralization can vary from 200 to 1000 mg/l, and Uzbekistan. To the south of the Mirzachul reflecting the diversity of the chemical composition region lies the Turkestan mountain range, the of water bodies. Mountains of Malguzar and Nurata, and the - Water transpare