Эпосы алпамыс и беовульф как каракалпакское и английское национальное достояние

Аннотация

Epic poems play a vital role in literature, as their functions are to commemorate struggles and adventures of kings, to elevate the status of the hero among the audiences, supernatural deeds as well as highly stylized language. This research was conducted in order to investigate if there were significant similarities and differences between the epic poems «Beowulf» and «Alpamys». It constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged from the initial analogy of literature and culture of Anglo-Saxon and Turkic people. The principal objective is comparing the way the heroes defeat enemies, international and intercultural aspects and perspectives on tranquility as apparently shown in the poems. Findings of this study revealed that in terms of the settings and verse forms, «Beowulf» consists of 3,182 alliterative lines, whereas «Alpamys» consists of 17000 lines. Statistically speaking, the results of analyzing the poems showed the obvious distinctions between the characteristics of the protagonists and antagonists. Key words: commemorate, deed, conduct, analogy, alliterative, distinction, protagonist, antagonist. Аннотация: Эпические поэмы играют жизненно важную роль в литературе, поскольку их функции заключаются в увековечении борьбы и приключений королей, повышении статуса героя среди зрителей, сверхъестественных деяниях, а также в высокой степени стилизованном языке. Это исследование было проведено с целью выяснить, существуют ли существенные сходства и различия между эпическими поэмами «Беовульф» и «Алпамыс». Оно представляет собой относительно новую область, возникшую в результате первоначальной аналогии литературы и культуры англосаксонских и тюркских народов. Основная цель – сравнить то, как герои побеждают врагов, международные и межкультурные аспекты и перспективы безмятежности и самообладания, как это явно показано в стихотворениях. Результаты этого исследования показали, что с точки зрения построения и стихотворных форм «Беовульф» состоит из 3182 аллитеративных строк, тогда как «Алпамыс» состоит из 17000 строк. С точки зрения статистики, результаты анализа стихотворений показали очевидные различия между характеристиками главных героев и антагонистов. Ключевые слова: память, поступок, поведение, аналогия, аллитерация, различие, главный герой, антагонист. In the past few decades there has been a growing interest in the study of analysis epic poetry. For instance,  «A study in comparison and contrast of Iliad and Ramayana» by Dr. Harmik Vaishnav (2019)  «The inductions of the Odyssey and the Aeneid» (1934) published by the Johns Hopkins University Press  «A comparative study of the Gilgamesh epic and Genesis» (2006) by Nozomi Osanai. Research on origins and characteristics of poetry has a long tradition. Epic poetry is an ancient genre of literature and narrates the stories depicting the mammoth deeds of great kings, help from the Gods, intrigues, fight of ideas and morals, as well as invincible warriors and their feats. The quotation of a British poet Lascelles Abercrombie (1881-1938) confirms this: «Epic poetry exhibits life in some great symbolic attitude. It cannot strictly be said to symbolize life itself, but always some manner of life». Although there are numerous common aspects in epics, conspicuous conflicting ideas of cultures and raise questions to the rational mind are shown in poems. This research will focus on a humble endeavor to compare and contrast of the prominent epic poems: «Alpamys» as a representative of Western literature and tradition and «Beowulf» as a representative of Old English literature. They are incredible examples of fighting, triumph and glory stories both of which involved in heroic events, actions of heroes determine the destiny of the nations. However, the settings and manuscripts of the poems have obvious dissimilarities. Beowulf set in pagan 35 Scandinavia in sixth century, whereas, Alpamys existed in the foothills of the Altay to Syrdarya in sixth or eighth centuries. There are the manuscript in British Library, Cotton Vitellius containing the unique copy of the epic poem «Beowulf» and the first printed copy belonging to Gramur Johnson Thorkelin in 1815. On the contrary, «Alpamys» was printed no less than 55 times between 1899 and 1984 and the entry in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia praises the epic as «a national saga of valour, courage and detestation of the enemies» These national heritages are the oldest surviving long poems which were originally expressed orally and were subsequently published. Both of them narrate valiance of the courageous young heroes understanding their duties and ready to sacrifice their lives for own motherlands. With regard to the stories of epics, in «Beowulf» the protagonist Beowulf helps the Danish king Hrothgar whose kingdom is being terrorized by a monster named Grendel and uses his epic strength in order to kill it. After this victory, Beowulf encounters several battles against Grendel‘s mother attacking the Danes in revenge, t