Английская и узбекская экономическая терминологическая система как объект лингвистического исследования

Аннотация

В данной статье особое внимание уделяется изучению экономической термино- логической системы английского и узбекского языков как объекта лингвистического исследования. Также выделены процессы формирования и совершенствования экономических лексических единиц английского и узбекского языков на основе лингвистических и экстралингвистических факторов. В статье автор обобщает новые теоретические идеи и взгляды, высказанные рядом лингвистов по поводу понятий «термин» и «терминология», акцентируя внимание на специфических кон-нота- тивных и денотативных особенностях экономических лексических единиц. Ключевые слова: термин, терминология, экономические термины, лексико-семантические отношения, терминообразование, переводно и терминологические особенности, структурно-се- мантические, функционально-семантические особенности. Introduction. It should be accentuated that every phenomenon in nature and society has its origin and development history. Therefore, when a specific event is studied or surveyed as an object in a particular study, it begins with the study of the history of that event, its origin. After all, the formation and develop- ment of each terminological system is inextricably linked with the formation and development of this 181 particular field, and it acquires its specificity in the field. In this meaning, the composition, formation and development of the economical terminology which is a structural layer of the physical lexicon of the English and Uzbek languages has its own path of development and genetic basis. It is known that economy is one of the main factors determining the financial influence, fiscal situa- tion and social development of each country. Today, the history of the formation and composition of eco- nomy and tax types, duties, levies and their types, how they were in the past. Life itself confirms the impor- tance of scientific research through linguistic designations by studying the term names based on scientific sources. Views on the types, forms, payment systems, and social-financial importance of economy in Central Asia go back to the long periods of the history of countries such as ancient Egypt, Rome, China, and India. If we look at the history and theory of statehood, we understand that the history of the formation of economical terminology is also related to the fiscal system and duty collection activities of a person in the state and its authorized structures. Historical sources testify that the emergence of the concept of economy in one form or another dates back to the first millennium BC. For example, it is well known from world history that 3,760 years ago, the notion of finance and economy were introduced in the Babylonian state with the laws of Hamurapi. In Central Asia, in particular, in Uzbekistan, the first political associations of tribes appeared at that time. Therefore, the emergence, formation and development of the terminological system of economy is directly connected with the history of ancient times, in particular, the Middle Ages. As S.P.Tolstov correctly stated: "In ancient times, in the conditions of Central Asia, the improvement of socio-economical relations in the society, the first land ownership, forms of ownership, the composition of the first farming and production structures, the economical system and their structural structures, in general research, Undoub- tedly, the role of archaeological, ethnographic, paleoanthropological, as well as linguistic data is incompa- rable. Economy as fiscal notion and social category have attracted the attention of many foreign and local scholars. This process is still the cause of many disputes and debates. Literature review. R.Campbell, K.McConnell, G.Menkiw, A.Laffer, Lorentz, D.Chernik, A. Voznesensky, V.Glukhov, E.Tait, V.Tverdokhlebov, V.Galkin, S.Fisher, A.Shenk, Scientists such as Y. Abdullaev, D.Gozibekov, E.Gadoev, J.R.Zaynalov, T.Malikov, H.Sobirov and Sh.Toshmatov studied eco- nomy as fiscal category. H.Dadaboev, R.G.Mukminova, D.Shaulov, U.T.Kan, F.Tolipov, A.P.Grigorev, A. A.Molchanov, B.G.Gafurov, R.Nuriev and other researchers like T.Islamov approach them as a social cate- gory. Social field studies connect the emergence of economy and duties with the emergence of the state, the division of society into classes (primitive, slavery, serfdom, feudalism). Already, as T.F. Yutkina rightly noted, "Economy is an element of culture in society”. We also paid special attention to the social aspects of economical terms in the research, particularly the linguistic aspect [1; 66-b.]. F.A.Sitkina who emphasized the importance of scientific study of the terms of two or more languages in a comparative way, writes: “With the development of the linguistic theory of scientific and technical translation, the role of comparative terminology will increase”. Despite the fact that there are many studies on the study of the terminological systems of different languages in our country and abroad, there are relatively few work