Polysemantic property of pharmaceutical terms in the material uzbek-english and russian text

Аннотация

The article has devoted the study of polysemantic properties of pharmaceutical terminology the stage of development of the terminological system, as well as from the standpoint of the cognitive approach to studying the metaphorization of the terminological system of pharmaceuticals. There were revealed the semantic polysemantic features of pharmaceutical terms, structural features of these terms are described (methods of formation, syntactic construction models). Keywords: term, terminology, terminological system, polysemy, structural and semantic features, terminological combination storm, pharmacy, pharmaceutical, lexicography, linguistic, word, functional- semantic. 1. Introduction One of the branches of phenomenon for terminology is polysemy. The spheres of scientific and technical knowledge put forward certain requirements for the terms that function within them. One of these requirements is the lack of ambiguity. As in the case of synonymy, in practice, this requirement is not always met in view of the fact that for this it is necessary to provide each specific concept with its own sound complex. As a consequence, in scientific and technical texts, one often has to deal with the presence of several meanings, both widely known and special terms. In modern linguistics, a word is called polysemic if it has “several interconnected meanings that usually arise as a result of the development of the original meaning of this word”. 2. Theoretical Basis However, there are other points of view on the definition of this concept. One of the researchers dealing with the issue of polysemy is S.P. Afanasyeva. She points out that “the phenomenon of word ambiguity or polysemy occurs when the asymmetry of a linguistic sign takes place when a word denoting one object or one phenomenon begins to refer to many objects or phenomena”. In the "Experience of the general theory of lexicography" L.V. Shcherba wrote that it is wrong to think that words have several meanings: this is essentially a formal and even typographical point of view there are as many words as a given phonetic word has meanings. Polysemy in the works of foreign linguists, such as G. Paul, K. Erdman and P. Stern is considered as a kind of anomaly, a violation of laws that do not deserve theoretical consideration. At the same time, scientists proceed from the fact that the “normal” case is ISSN: 2005-4289 IJDRBC 500 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol. 12, No. 1, (2021), pp. 500-506 the removal of the linguistic polysemy of a word by the context, and deviations from this norm are either too rare to deserve special consideration, or are explained by special, not general special reasons and therefore cannot be considered as a regularity. This approach is quite consistent with the idea of the "normality" of removing the polysemy of a word in speech, in particular, due to the sign character of the word. S. D. Katsnelson, referring to G. Paul`s argues that in speech, as a rule, the word actualizes only one of its meanings and, therefore, ceases to be polysemy. There is still no single point of view on the phenomenon of polysemy. However, recently in the linguistic literature, there is a different understanding of speech polysemy, namely, polysemy is considered as a linguistic phenomenon that is part of the system of speech activity and thus is a "legitimate" linguistic object. As for the phenomenon of polysemy in terminology, it is viewed as highly undesirable, and this generates disagreement among various linguistic schools. There are opposite points of view regarding the polysemy of the term in modern linguistics. Some scientists believe that in terminology such a phenomenon as polysemy is definitely ruled out, at the same time, other linguists, on the contrary, admit the presence of polysemy. Nevertheless, it has recently been recognized that polysemantic is inherent in terms of no less than general literary words. S.P. Afanasyeva when analyzing the semantic structure of polysemantic nouns with the meaning of the process, on the basis of construction terminology, comes to the conclusion that “polysemy is a phenomenon characteristic of the terminology”. However, the author points out the difference between scientific and technical terminology and literary language, which is manifested, first of all, at the level of the ratio of lexical and semantic meanings in the structure of the term. I.V. Arnold believes that the ambiguity of terms is declared to be the main flaw in the terminology. However, polysemy does not interfere with understanding if different meanings of a word refer to different specialities and therefore cannot complicate understanding in the same context. Comprehension of the term can be complicated if the term is polysemy within any one branch of science. However, there is also an opinion that polysemy is inevitable in any, even the most formalized language subsystems. From the point of vie