ISSUES OF MUSEUMIFICATION OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

Аннотация

This article studies samples of the intangible cultural heritage of Uzbekistan and the problems of their preservation for the future generation. Regulatory documents on the protection of intangible cultural heritage were also analyzed and issues of their promotion with the help of museums were considered. The causes of these problems have also been investigated. Keywords: Uzbekistan, UNESCO, representative list, intangible cultural heritage, law, declaration, factor, national value, tradition, museum, program. Museumification is a direction of museum activity that involves transforming heritage into objects of museum display. The museumification of intangible heritage assumes its consolidation into tangible carriers and its further implementation. The actualization of an intangible object is carried out within the framework of exhibitions and cultural-educational events. There are various methods of museumification of intangible heritage objects, including conservation, actualization, and museumification: 1. Conservation: This involves preserving an intangible heritage object by removing it from its existing environment and storing it within museum collections using tangible means. In such cases, intangible objects are recorded through video or audio recordings, ethnographic descriptions, and are included in museum archives or documentary funds. 2. Actualization: This method entails integrating the museum object into a contemporary environment or museum space. Actualization is particularly important in the museumification of intangible heritage, as traditions need to be continuously repeated to remain relevant. 3. Museumification: This approach allows the preservation and development of an intangible heritage object in its active state. This involves preserving a tradition in a museum space in a way that mirrors its natural historical and cultural environment, while incorporating adaptive mechanisms. In the 20th century, with the acceleration of globalization processes across all fields, many forms of intangible culture faced the threat of being forgotten and lost. Consequently, the identification and preservation of intangible (spiritual) heritage as an integral part of global cultural heritage have become 120 CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference pressing issues for modern scientific communities. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the problem of preserving intangible heritage objects came to the forefront due to the risk of losing many cultural forms vital to human self-identification. The museumification of intangible cultural heritage is becoming increasingly important, requiring in- depth development of preservation and presentation strategies. According to E. N. Mastenitsa, the integration of intangible heritage issues into the theoretical and practical interests of museum hermeneutics not only influences the methods of museum work and the development of exhibition and interpretation practices but also contributes to the emergence of new types of museums, such as eco- museums and living museums. Intangible cultural heritage refers to traditions, expressions, knowledge, and skills—along with related instruments, objects, artifacts, and cultural spaces—that communities, groups, and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Its essence lies in its transmission and acceptance by living people, often referred to as “living heritage” in academic discourse. The initial stage of forming a system for preserving intangible heritage can be traced back to 1973, when the Bolivian government requested UNESCO to develop model proposals for the regulation, development, and dissemination of folklore. The term “intangible heritage” emerged in the late 20th century in modern humanities, leading to an expansion of museum boundaries and a shift in the scientific paradigm of museology. Ivo Maroević broadened the interpretation of "heritage," emphasizing the transition in the concept of heritage in museology. According to him, the European model of museum institutions, which began during the Renaissance and culminated in the 1980s, was primarily focused on collecting, preserving, and exhibiting material world values. However, he argued that intangible heritage extends beyond the scope of museological theory. He also highlighted the role of museums and museologists in preserving and displaying intangible heritage as a part of social identity. In 2003, UNESCO adopted the "Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage," which includes customs, performances, expressions, knowledge, and skills, along with associated objects and cultural spaces. Today, UNESCO implements measures to protect intangible heritage, including developing the "Declaration of Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity." According to this declaration, intangible heritage is defined as: 121 CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENC