FERGANA PROVINCE DURING THE YEARS OF SOVIET AUTHORITY ON THE ACTIVITY OF MUSIC SCHOOLS

Аннотация

For the further development of music and art in Uzbekistan, it is important to train real talents who work hard in this field. It is the main task of music schools to provide primary knowledge to such talented people. In this regard, studying the activities of music schools, focusing public attention on their achievements and existing problems will be the basis for future achievements in the art of music. Key words: Soviet government, music schools, People's Conservatory, free musicianship, The reforms being carried out in this regard in Uzbekistan serve the further development of culture, especially music. A lot of attention is paid to schools related to music and industry. Also, the importance of historical experience in the development of music is increasing. Studying the activities of schools related to music and the field from a historical point of view, serves to understand its essence, to give important conclusions for today's era. In-depth study is especially important in the cross-section of regions. In 1920-1921, music schools operated in the cities of Kattakorgan, Samarkand, Namangan, Tashkent, Andijan, Skobelev (Fergana) in Uzbekistan. Music teachers and freelance musicians were trained in music schools. In 1925, 451 students were educated in music education institutions in Uzbekistan, and 65 teachers taught them. The established music schools mainly corresponded to Tashkent, Khorezm, Samarkand and Bukhara regions. The People's Conservatory was opened in Fergana in 1918, where teachers such as Chernikovsky, Frey, Keizer, Rakhalsky, O.F. Melnikova taught. Among them were pianist and conductor Keizer, violinist Frey, cellist Katana. Fergana People's Conservatory closes by 1920 and many talented musicians go elsewhere. By the 30s of the 20th century, in order to eliminate the shortage of personnel in musical education, which was considered the most urgent problem, music schools were opened in Fergana region. In 1938, the first music school in 174 DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference the Fergana region, the Kokan city children's music school (now the 5th BMSM) was founded. In the early stages of this music school, 50 pedagogues-employees served. In 1939, the 1st children's music school started its activity in the city of Fergana. Also, 1959 Margilan Children's Music School (now 8th BMSM), 1960 20th Children's Music School in Uchkoprik District, 1961 3rd Children's Music School in Ferghana, and 16th Children's Music School in Baghdad children's music school, 14th children's music school in Altiariq district in 1963, 6th children's music school in Ko'kan city and 21st children's music school in Rishton district in 1965. In the 1960-1961 academic year, 7 music schools operated in Fergana region, they were music schools of Fergana, Kokhan, Margilan, and Kuvasoi cities. Also, from 1967 to 1972, music schools started working in Beshariq, Toshlo, Kuva, Fergana, Dangara, Yozyovon districts. There were 5 directions in the first established music schools. They have lessons in the following areas, in particular, piano, violin, cello, bayan-accordion, concert band, and folk instruments. For example, in the 1960-1961 academic year, education was provided in 6 directions in the 2nd music school of Fergana city. In particular, a total of 52 students studied piano. There were also 29 students in the accordion class. Also, a total of 12 students studied in the class of Uzbek folk musical instruments. A total of 1 student studied in oboe class. The problem of personnel shortage in music education schools was relevant even in the 60s of the 20th century. Especially in this regard, the weight of representatives of the local population, as well as female pedagogues, remained low in the field. In 1961, a total of 2 highly educated female pedagogues worked in music schools in Fergana region. As you know, only 37 of the 63 teachers with secondary education are women. In 1940, the number of highly educated pedagogues in Fargona regional music schools was 4. In 1960, the number of highly educated pedagogues in Fargona regional music schools was 11. Most of the buildings allocated to music schools were rented. Only the building of the Kokan city music school was given to him. In 1961, a total of 1483 students studied at 7 music schools in the region in 6 directions. The Kokan city music school was in the first place in terms of coverage. In 1961, 410 students studied at this music school. 344 students studied at the 1st music school of Fergana city. In the music schools that operated during the years of Soviet power, the number of students was mainly in the fields of piano, violin, bayan-accordion. 175 DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Only 12 of the total 168 students studied Uzbek folk instruments at the Kuvasoy city music school. These figures indicate that during the Soviet period, music sch