ROLE OF LIBRARIES IN WORLD HISTORY IN DIFFERENT PERIODS

Аннотация

This article discusses information about the evolution of the development of libraries in world history and the formation of libraries in different countries. Keywords: Library, culture, history, evolution, manuscript, center, scientific journals, information. Libraries are an integral part of human history and have played an important role in the preservation, dissemination and development of knowledge and culture. Their history was formed over thousands of years and each period had its own characteristics. The history of the creation of libraries reflects humanity's interest in knowledge, its important role in the preservation and development of culture. Libraries, which are changing in every era, are an integral part of human life even today. They serve not only as a source of knowledge, but also as a center of cultural life of society. The evolution of the development of libraries in world history is a long and complex process, which originates from the human need for knowledge and culture. Below are the main stages of this evolution. The beginning of the history of libraries in early times is associated with ancient civilizations. The oldest libraries appeared in Mesopotamia, in particular, in the cities of Assyria and Babylon in the 3rd century BC. These libraries were made of bricks and contained texts written on clay tablets. These tablets contain religious, literary and scientific information. Libraries were also important in Egypt. There were libraries in Egypt where papyrus manuscripts were kept. The Library of Alexandria, founded in the 3rd century BC, is one of the largest and most famous libraries of its time. Thousands of fragments and books were collected there, which greatly influenced the development of science and culture. In China, large libraries were established in the imperial palaces. They collected documents and scientific works necessary for state administration. In the Middle Ages, libraries were mainly located in monasteries and religious institutions. Monasteries became centers of book storage and copying. Manuscript books proliferated during this period, but their number was limited. Religious texts, philosophy, and scientific works received more attention. In the 62 DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Middle Ages, during the period of Islamic culture, many libraries were established in Central Asia. Cities such as Bukhara, Samarkand and Baghdad were centers of science and culture, where many manuscripts were collected. With the invention of the printing press in the 15th century, the development of libraries went to a new stage. In Europe, libraries flourished again during the Renaissance. During this period, the scientific and artistic achievements of humanity expanded, and the publication and distribution of books increased. The mass production of books lowered their price and made it possible to reach a wider audience. In Europe, the library system developed further and public libraries began to appear. During this period, libraries became not only a place to store books, but also centers for scientific research and cultural events. Reading rooms were established in libraries, where people had the opportunity to learn and exchange ideas. In the 20th century, libraries were filled with new technologies. Computers, the Internet, and digital archives have expanded the functions of libraries. Today, libraries have become not only a place to store books, but also modern centers providing information resources, digital materials and various services. Today, digital libraries, online resources and e-books are common. Libraries are becoming not only physical places, but also virtual information centers. Even today, libraries do not lose their importance as centers of knowledge and culture. They are open to the public and provide opportunities for learning and self-development for people of all ages. Libraries are an integral part of the learning and education process. They provide books, articles and other information resources needed by readers, students and researchers. Libraries contain not only traditional books, but also digital materials, scientific journals and databases. Through these resources, people have the opportunity to expand their knowledge, learn new ideas and conduct scientific research. Libraries play an important role in preserving historical, cultural and artistic heritage. They collect classical works, folklore and other cultural materials. Knowledge and traditions passed from generation to generation are preserved through libraries. By holding cultural events, exhibitions and seminars, libraries actively contribute to the cultural life of society. Libraries provide access to information, which is critical to social equity. They are open to people from all walks of life and cater to anyone seeking knowledge. Libraries remain the most important source of access to knowledge and information, espec