IS ALBER CAMUS EXISTENTIALISM

Аннотация

This article briefly covers the humanitarian ideas of Albert Camus, one of the great representatives of the existentialist philosophy. The article shows that the issue of art occupies a central place in the existentialism of Albert Camus. Key words: existentialism, humanism, alienation, absurdity, rebellion, revolution, art, beauty, freedom, human rights, meaning of life. Аннотация: В данной статье кратко рассматриваются гуманитарные идеи Альбера Камю, одного из крупнейших представителей экзистенциалистской философии. В статье показано, что проблема искусства занимает центральное место в экзистенциализме Альбера Камю. Ключевые слова: экзистенциализм, гуманизм, отчуждение, абсурд, бунт, революция, искусство, красота, свобода, права человека, смысл жизни. Аннотация: Ушбу мақолада экзистенциализм фалсафасининг йирик вакилларидан бири Альбер Камюнинг инсонпарварлик ғоялари қисқача ёритилган. Мақолада Альбер Камю экзистенциализмида санъат масаласи асосий ўрин тутиши кўрсатиб ўтилган. Калит сўзлар: экзистенциализм, гуманизм, бегоналашиш, бемаънилик, исён, инқилоб, санъат, гўзаллик, эркинлик, инсон ҳуқуқлари, ҳаётнинг маъноси. Albert Camus (1913-1960) is a French philosopher and writer, one of the representatives of secular existentialism. As an existentialist-philosopher, Camus traveled the path from nihilistic "absurd philosophy" to moral humanism. Camus, in his early writings, still propagates his own philosophy of paganism. It honors the unity and harmony of man with nature. And it shows that thanks to this unity and interaction, a person develops in all aspects, achieves spiritual integrity, and becomes a real "I". However, he begins to write about the current world as a world of injustice, alienation, doomed to destruction and nonsense. Meursault, the hero of the play, avoids all the dishes of bourgeois society. He puts his mother in the orphanage because she can't take care of him. He looks at his mother's death with indifference. Sitting next to his mother's coffin is boring for him. Meursault is indifferent to all rituals. After his mother's burial, he begins an affair with the 146 DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference woman he lives with the next day as if nothing had happened. Meursault is also indifferent to this woman. Merson has only a lustful relationship with this woman. After that, he befriends a pimp. In the end, Meursault, for no apparent reason, shoots and kills an Arab man walking by the sea. (This event takes place in Algeria). In court, all his "immoral qualities" will be revealed, and Meursault will be sentenced to death. Why is Meursault like this and what is the meaning of the path he chose? The meaning of this was Meursault's attempt to communicate with people in a language free from falsehoods and pretenses. But it was not possible to do so. Because language was created only to speak lies and express falsehood. Therefore, he is condemned to stay away from others, keep silent, talk to himself. Camus neither accuses nor acquits the stranger. The philosopher shows that Meursault chose solitude and death in the path of sincerity and self- expression. Thus, Camus believes that in this world, man considers himself a "stranger", and only at the border of death he begins to feel free and happy. In The Legend of Sisyphus, Camus raises the problem of the absurdity of human life and suicide. According to Camus, the problem of suicide is the only real serious problem of philosophy. Solving the question of what is the meaning of life and whether life is worth living is an answer to the fundamental question of philosophy, the philosopher says [1:481]. In this work, Camus tried to describe the life of depressed and suicidal people of his time, referring to the image of Sisyphus in the ancient Greek myth, to show them that life is a great blessing. According to the legend, due to his cunning, Sisyphus was condemned by the Gods to lift a large stone to the top of the mountain. No matter what Sisyphus does, the stone keeps falling down from the top of the mountain. The gods condemned Sisyphus to such a punishment, based on the fact that there is no worse punishment than useless and pointless labor. Camus first tries to connect suicide with nonsense (absurd). It shows that suicide is, in a certain sense, the result of absurdity. According to Camus, suicide is first prepared in the web of the soul as an individual phenomenon. Secondly, the event that is usually called a reason is actually just an excuse. Camus approaches the problem of absurdity and suicide more as a psychologist than a philosopher. He writes: "A sense of absurdity awaits us at every corner." This feeling cannot be seen or felt in the dim light of its own atmosphere. This imperceptibility is remarkable." [1:482]. An imperceptible, 147 DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference hard-to-notice feeling of absurdity can be partially perceived in the consciousnes