ANALYSIS OF SOIL WORKING AND PLANTING MACHINES

Аннотация

The article presents the results of research on the analysis of combined machines, weapons and their working bodies intended for soil cultivation and grain planting. Keywords: combination, soil, machine, softener, gun, working body, pawl, coverage width, traction resistance. Introduction. In our republic, in order to reduce energy and labor consumption in agricultural production, to save resources, the use of advanced technologies in the cultivation of agricultural crops and the development of high-performance agricultural machines are carried out on a large scale [1]. In particular, consistent reforms are being implemented in the use of resource- efficient technologies for protecting the soil from wind and water erosion, as well as the use of advanced methods of agrotechnology in increasing the productivity of grain crops. Taking into account the above, it is necessary to develop a machine that works on sloping fields and sow grain, and justify the parameters of its working bodies. One of the main tasks of today is to improve the technology of growing grain crops on a global scale and to obtain as high a yield as possible from grain crops. Today, at a time when a number of problems such as fuel, energy shortage, and climate change are emerging on a global scale, it is an urgent task to create high-performance combined machines that will prepare the soil for planting, as well as carry out planting work with high quality. Research method. The softener blade of the combined machine designed for tillage of sloping fields and sowing of spiked grain crops was taken as an object of research. The study of the technological work processes of the combined machine softener blade was carried out according to the results of the literature and field tests [2]. 53 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference According to the results of theoretical research, in order to investigate the effect of the combined machine softener on the soil tillage process, special left and o knives and softener were prepared. Combined machines for soil preparation and planting have been developed by many world researchers and a number of leading companies of developed countries [32, 34, 35, 37]. Almost all of these combined machines are designed for planting grain crops on flat land. At the same time, their high cost and the fact that they do not correspond to the soil conditions of our republic require the creation of improved combined machines. Research results and discussion. A.A. Ibragimov and A. Tokhtakoziyev developed a combined unit for inter-row processing of cotton and row sowing of grain. The combined unit consists of two parts: the front part, which processes cotton between the rows, and the rear part, which sows grain in rows [11-13]. The front part of the unit, that is, the part that works between the cotton rows, was developed on the basis of the existing KXU-4 cultivator. The combined unit is intended for processing the cotton between the rows in one pass after harvesting the cotton crop grown in 90 cm rows and sowing the seeds of grain crops in rows [14-15]. The location and number of working parts in this unit made it structurally complex, which causes its operational performance to decrease. In addition, the use of this device causes the moisture in it to rise due to the fact that it brings the bottom layer of the soil up. At the same time, this machine cannot be used for planting grain on dry land. I.V.Vorokosov and R.S.Rakhimov developed a combined universal tool for soil cultivation and planting. On the longitudinal and transverse columns of the gun frame, a section of working organs with a disk, a handle and a pawl and a cage are fixed. In the front part of the frame there is a support wheel, and in the back part there is a roller. The weapon rests on the transport wheel in transport mode. There is a hook for attaching the SZ-3.6 seeder to the crossbar of the rear supporting wheels [16]. This universal tool is designed for planting grain on flat terrain. Scientists of the Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute have developed a method of planting autumn cereals instead of cotton [17-18]. In this method, grain is planted at the same time as the stalks are pulled out and scattered on the field. During the operation of this unit, the stalk is pulled by the valets, its roots are pulled out by the loosening claw, and the stalk is crushed by the crushing drum and scattered on the ground through the stalk conveyor. After that, grain seeds are planted. 54 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference The main disadvantage of this unit is that crushed stalks have a negative effect on the smooth movement of the coulters during planting and the planting of wheat to the required depth. The scientists of the Far East Agrarian University proposed a seeder- cultivator that picks up cotton in the field and sows seeds at once, and it is protected by Russian paten