ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL AND LEGAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE ILLEGAL USE OF DRONES

Аннотация

The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology plays an important role in crime prevention and detection. UAVs are used to investigate crimes, conduct investigations, and ensure public safety. In modern society, UAVs are applied in various fields, including security, environmental law enforcement, and the fight against terrorism. The regulation of UAVs’ legal status and control over their legal and illegal use is a critical issue. In Uzbekistan, the use of UAVs is growing, but there are also legal issues related to the unlawful use of this technology. The use of UAVs, particularly micro-drones, raises new problems, such as committing crimes with their help. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the legal framework for UAV use, improve their regulation, and develop new regulatory mechanisms to enhance the effectiveness of crime prevention. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles, crime, legal regulation, security, digital technologies, drones, civil and commercial purposes, bribery, mobile phones, drugs. The development of criminal law is inextricably linked with the development of modern technologies and sciences (anthropology, medicine, biology, chemistry, physics). Modern criminal methods and technologies used by criminals must respond to new challenges in society. One of such innovative technologies is unmanned aerial vehicles. It should be noted that along with the development of technologies, drones have become widely used in various fields. They have become an important tool in a number of areas to increase accuracy and efficiency, ensure security, and save human life. The positive aspects of the use of drones are also growing in Uzbekistan. From agriculture to natural disasters and inspection of facilities, drones play an important role not only in increasing production efficiency, but also in ensuring public safety. This thesis examines the positive effects of drones, their beneficial opportunities in strengthening the economy, environment, and public safety. Drones, with their accuracy, speed and high technological capabilities, are an important factor in the development process of Uzbekistan, gaining social and economic significance. 76 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Scholars have emphasized various aspects of criminal and legal issues related to the illegal use of drones. In particular, according to the results of a study conducted by Richard Rose and Caryn Peiffer, one third of the world's population regularly pays bribes to use public services, and in this process, there are cases of using drones as bribes. New trends associated with drones in modern crime reflect multifaceted factors and problems [1, p. 108]. It is necessary to understand the models of application of such technologies and develop recommendations for them, and to regulate them legally, since these situations soon give rise to scientific tasks that require practical solutions. In modern scientific literature, the use of drones is of great importance in various fields. Scientists from China, Japan, the USA, Great Britain, the European Union and Russia are advancing the latest developments in this area [2, p. 787]. The most important issue is the study of legal issues related to digital technologies, especially drones (unmanned aerial vehicles), criminal-legal relations. Modern technologies, including unmanned aerial vehicles, play an important role in crime and its prevention. The widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles for civil and commercial purposes, along with increasing their technological capabilities, has also raised legal and ethical issues. As Bart Custers has noted, the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles already exists and is developing rapidly, but in parallel with this, ethical and legal questions are also arising, for example, how to use this technology and what restrictions should be imposed. H.H. Perritt and E.O. Sprague argue that civilian use of drones is beneficial, but they can also pose risks and threats, including problems with law enforcement and infrastructure protection. It is clear that the penetration of drones into many areas is changing the technological and economic environment in society, but the question of how to implement laws to ensure their safety remains open [3, p. 400]. K.B. Sandvik argues that the use of military technology for civilian purposes (the militarization of security) is complicated. They observe that this situation has led to a violation of the rule of law and the emergence of public order drones. There is debate about the problematic aspects of arming the police with drones, as well as the long-term impact of this technology on operations [4, pp. 45-66]. The development of drone technology is giving rise to new forms of crime, which poses serious challenges for their legal regulation. Studies by M. Donatti 77 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference and other scientists have fo