THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF IMPRESSIONISM AND THEIR MANIFESTATION IN PLEIN AIR PAINTING

Аннотация

In this article, the concept of impressionism and plein air painting in visual arts and the development of imagination of students in plein air practice are discussed. The world of fine art is a vast and diverse field that encompasses many different techniques, styles and approaches. One practice that stands out as a breath of fresh air – quite literally – is the age-old tradition of plein air painting. In recent years, teachers have realized the importance of including plein air practice in the curriculum, because it not only improves artistic skills, but also expands the imagination of students. Key words: fine art, impressionism, plein air painting, increasing imagination, techniques, styles, emotion, artistic style, real experiences. Impressionism (French impression - impression) is a direction in art that prevailed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Representatives of Impressionism strived to depict the existing being in movement and change in a more natural way, to express their momentary impressions, and achieved liveness and truthfulness of the image. The naturalness of reality, its constant change in the unity of man and environment was expressed. It first appeared in French painting in the 1860s. E. Manet, K. Monet, O. Renoir expressed their vivid impressions of life in the expression of random movements and extraordinary situations. In landscapes, portraits, multi-form compositions, the power and purity of the first impressions, unique features were depicted by the artists without paying attention to small details. For the first time, the Impressionists created vivid views of modern city life and reflected its uniqueness in the form of the city landscape and people in their works. Landscape masters such as K. Monet, E. Degas, K. Pissarro, A. Sisley created their works in the open air and brightly reflected the shine of sunlight, the rich complex of colorful colors of nature, the plein air is the daily tone of their works with sunlight. gave a rich, romantic mood. The works of mature Impressionists are distinguished by their brightness and vitality. Characteristics of impressionism developed in neo-impressionism and 86 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference post-impressionism. J. Whistler in America, M. Lieberman, L. Corinth in Germany, K. A. Korovin, I. E. Grabar and others in Russia. contributed to the development of I.'s creativity. In the 1880s and 1910s, I. significantly influenced the work of many artists. This was manifested in mastering new aspects of existence, mastering plein air methods. The rules of I. were reflected in different degrees in sculpture. French sculptors O. Rodin, Italian M. Rosso, Russian P. P. Trubetsky, A. Golubkina and others. in their works, they expressed movement, changes in form during movement. The work of impressionist artists was also reflected in the development of Uzbek painting. Uzbek artists L. Bure, O. Tatevosyan, P. Benkov, 3. Kovalevskaya, A. Mirsoa-tov and others. this influence is felt in his works. We can also see impressionist influences in the works of Karakalpak artists K. Saipov, J. Izentaev, M. Kudaibergenov, J. Bekanov, B. Serekeev. The core of plein air practice lies in direct observation. Students step out of the classroom and into a world where the subject is not a static image, but a living, breathing entity. The transition from working with still life settings or photographs to working with dynamic, unpredictable elements of nature develops a deep connection between the artist and the environment. By improving observational skills, students learn to pick up the play of light, subtleties of color, and nuances of form. This first experience allows them to gain a deeper understanding of the subject and encourages a deeper appreciation of the world around them. The act of observing and interpreting the natural world encourages students to think critically about their environment and develop a sense of curiosity and inquiry. The studio can be a safe space for artistic experimentation, but it can also be limiting. Plein air practice encourages students to break free from studio conventions where a controlled environment can stifle creativity. Outdoors, they encounter unpredictable weather, changing light conditions, and unexpected elements that force them to adapt and improvise. Adapting to external factors cultivates a sense of resilience and resourcefulness, important qualities for any artist. Students learn to embrace the imperfection and unpredictability of the real world, turning challenges into opportunities for creative growth. Plein air practice pushes them out of their comfort zones, encouraging a more dynamic and flexible approach to their art. Engaging with the natural environment through plein air practice not only enhances artistic skills, but also deepens the connection between art and the world. Nature becomes both subject and partner, inspiring students to explore 87 MODELS AND METH